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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 276, Issue 31, 29178-29187, August 3, 2001
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From the Cleavage of heparan sulfate (HS)
proteoglycans affects the integrity and function of tissues and thereby
fundamental phenomena, involving cell migration and response to changes
in the extracellular microenvironment. The role of HS-degrading
enzymes, commonly referred to as heparanases, in normal development has
not been identified. The present study focuses on cloning, expression,
and properties of a chicken heparanase and its distribution in the
developing chicken embryo. We have identified a chicken EST, homologous
to the recently cloned human heparanase, to clone and express a
functional chicken heparanase, 60% homologous to the human enzyme. The
full-length chicken heparanase cDNA encodes a 60-kDa proenzyme that
is processed at the N terminus into a 45-kDa highly active enzyme. The
most prominent difference between the chicken and human enzymes resides in the predicted signal peptide sequence, apparently accounting for the
chicken heparanase being readily secreted and localized in close
proximity to the cell surface. In contrast, the human enzyme is mostly
intracellular, localized in perinuclear granules. Cells transfected
with a chimeric construct composed of the chicken signal peptide
preceding the human heparanase exhibited cell surface localization and
secretion of heparanase, similar to cells transfected with the
full-length chicken enzyme. We examined the distribution pattern of the
heparanase enzyme in the developing chicken embryo. Both the chicken
heparanase mRNA and protein were expressed, as early as 12 h
post fertilization, in cells migrating from the epiblast and forming
the hypoblast layer. Later on (72 h), the enzyme is preferentially
expressed in cells of the developing vascular and nervous systems.
Cloning and characterization of heparanase, the first and single
functional vertebrate HS-degrading enzyme, may lead to identification
of other glycosaminoglycan degrading enzymes, toward elucidation of
their significance in normal and pathological processes.
Department of Oncology,
Hadassah-Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem 91120,
§ InSight Ltd., Rabin Science Park, Rehovot 76121, Israel,
and the ¶ Department of Cell and Animal Biology, The Institute
of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem,
Jerusalem, 91904 Israel
The nucleotide sequence(s) reported in this paper has been submitted to the GenBankTM/EMBL Data Bank with accession number(s) AY037007.
To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dept. of Oncology,
Hadassah Hospital, P. O. Box 12000, Jerusalem 91120, Israel. Tel.:
972-2-6776776; Fax: 972-2-6422794; E-mail:
Vlodavsk@cc.huji.ac.il.
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