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Originally published In Press as doi:10.1074/jbc.M101723200 on June 12, 2001

J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 276, Issue 32, 30085-30091, August 10, 2001
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Distinction between Nitrosating Mechanisms within Human Cells and Aqueous Solution*

Michael Graham EspeyDagger , Katrina M. Miranda, Douglas D. Thomas, and David A. Wink

From the Radiation Biology Branch, Division of Clinical Sciences, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892

The quintessential nitrosating species produced during NO autoxidation is N2O3. Nitrosation of amine, thiol, and hydroxyl residues can modulate critical cell functions. The biological mechanisms that control reactivity of nitrogen oxide species formed during autoxidation of nano- to micromolar levels of NO were examined using the synthetic donor NaEt2NN(O)NO (DEA/NO), human tumor cells, and 4,5-diaminofluorescein (DAF). Both the disappearance of NO and formation of nitrosated product from DAF in aerobic aqueous buffer followed second order processes; however, consumption of NO and nitrosation within intact cells were exponential. An optimal ratio of DEA/NO and 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazole-1-oxyl 3-oxide (PTIO) was used to form N2O3 through the intermediacy of NO2. This route was found to be most reflective of the nitrosative mechanism within intact cells and was distinct from the process that occurred during autoxidation of NO in aqueous media. Manipulation of the endogenous scavengers ascorbate and glutathione indicated that the location, affinity, and concentration of these substances were key determinants in dictating nitrosative susceptibility of molecular targets. Taken together, these findings suggest that the functional effects of nitrosation may be organized to occur within discrete domains or compartments. Nitrosative stress may develop when scavengers are depleted and this architecture becomes compromised. Although NO2 was not a component of aqueous NO autoxidation, the results suggest that the intermediacy of this species may be a significant factor in the advent of either nitrosation or oxidation chemistry in biological systems.


* The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

Dagger To whom correspondence should be addressed: Radiation Biology Branch, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 10, Rm. B3-B69, Bethesda, MD 20892. Tel.: 301-496-7511; Fax: 301-480-2238; E-mail: sp@nih.gov.


Copyright © 2001 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
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