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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 276, Issue 36, 33608-33615, September 7, 2001
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Subunit*
§¶,
,
,
From the Departments of The receptor for the type 1 insulin-like
growth factor (IGF-I) regulates multiple cellular functions impacting
on the metastatic phenotype of tumor cells, including cellular
proliferation, anchorage-independent growth, survival, migration,
synthesis of the 72-kDa type IV collagenase and invasion. We have used
site-directed mutagenesis to generate domain-specific mutants of the
receptor
Surgery and
§ Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Royal Victoria
Hospital, 687 Pine Ave W., Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A1, Canada
subunit to analyze the role of specific tyrosines in the
regulation of the invasive/metastatic phenotype. Poorly invasive M-27
carcinoma cells expressing low receptor numbers were transfected with a
plasmid vector expressing IGF-I receptor cDNA in which single or
multiple tyrosine codons in the kinase domain, namely Tyr-1131,
Tyr-1135, and Tyr-1136 or the C-terminal tyrosines 1250 and 1251 were substituted with phenylalanine. Changes in the invasive and
metastatic properties were analyzed relative to M-27 cells expressing
the wild type receptor. We found that cells expressing the
Y1131F,Y1135F,Y1136F or Y1135F receptor mutants lost all
IGF-IR-dependent functions and their phenotypes were
indistinguishable from, or suppressed relative to, the parent line. The
Y1250F,Y1251F substitution abolished anchorage-independent growth, cell
spreading, and the anti-apoptotic effect of IGF-I whereas all other
IGF-IR-dependent phenotypes were either unperturbed
(i.e. mitogenicity) or only partially reduced (migration
and invasion). The results identify three types of
receptor-dependent functions in this model: those dependent only on an intact kinase domain (DNA synthesis), those dependent equally on kinase domain and Tyr-1250/1251 signaling (e.g.
apoptosis, soft agar cloning) and those dependent on kinase domain and
enhanced through Tyr-1250/1251 signaling (migration, invasion). They
suggest that signals derived from both regions of the receptor
cooperate to enhance tumor metastasis.
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