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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 276, Issue 37, 34862-34870, September 14, 2001
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From the Flagellins from three strains of
Campylobacter jejuni and one strain of Campylobacter
coli were shown to be extensively modified by glycosyl residues,
imparting an approximate 6000-Da shift from the molecular mass of the
protein predicted from the DNA sequence. Tryptic peptides from C. jejuni 81-176 flagellin were subjected to capillary liquid
chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry with a high/low orifice
stepping to identify peptide segments of aberrant masses together with
their corresponding glycosyl appendages. These modified peptides were
further characterized by tandem mass spectrometry and preparative high
performance liquid chromatography followed by nano-NMR spectroscopy to
identify the nature and precise site of glycosylation. These analyses
have shown that there are 19 modified Ser/Thr residues in C. jejuni 81-176 flagellin. The predominant modification found on
C. jejuni flagellin was O-linked
5,7-diacetamido-3,5,7,9-tetradeoxy-L-glycero-L-manno-nonulosonic acid (pseudaminic acid, Pse5Ac7Ac) with additional heterogeneity conferred by substitution of the acetamido groups with acetamidino and
hydroxyproprionyl groups. In C. jejuni 81-176, the gene
Cj1316c, encoding a protein of unknown function, was shown to be
involved in the biosynthesis and/or the addition of the acetamidino
group on Pse5Ac7Ac. Glycosylation is not random, since 19 of the total 107 Ser/Thr residues are modified, and all but one of these are restricted to the central, surface-exposed domain of flagellin when
folded in the filament. The mechanism of attachment appears unrelated
to a consensus peptide sequence but is rather based on surface
accessibility of Ser/Thr residues in the folded protein.
The nucleotide sequence(s) reported in this paper has been submitted to the GenBankTM/EMBL Data Bank with accession number(s) AF345999 and AY034084.
Identification of the Carbohydrate Moieties and Glycosylation
Motifs in Campylobacter jejuni Flagellin*
,§,,,
, and Institute for Biological Sciences, National
Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada,
Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, and ¶ Naval
Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910
*
This work was supported by NIAID, National Institutes of
Health Grant AI43559 (to P. G.).The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the
payment of page charges. The article
must therefore be hereby marked
"advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section
1734 solely to indicate this fact.
Copyright © 2001 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
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