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Originally published In Press as doi:10.1074/jbc.M106040200 on July 16, 2001

J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 276, Issue 39, 36251-36260, September 28, 2001
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Genomic Structure and Insulin-mediated Repression of the Aquaporin Adipose (AQPap), Adipose-specific Glycerol Channel*

Ken Kishida, Iichiro ShimomuraDagger , Hidehiko Kondo, Hiroshi Kuriyama, Yasunaka Makino§, Hitoshi Nishizawa, Norikazu Maeda, Morihiro Matsuda, Noriyuki Ouchi, Shinji Kihara, Yoshihisa Kurachi§, Tohru Funahashi, and Yuji Matsuzawa

From the Department of Internal Medicine and Molecular Science, Graduate School of Medicine, and § Departments of Pharmacology II, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan

Aquaporin adipose (AQPap) is a putative glycerol channel in adipocytes (Kishida, K., Kuriyama, H., Funahashi, T., Shimomura, I., Kihara, S., Ouchi, N., Nishida, M., Nishizawa, H., Matsuda, M., Takahashi, M., Hotta, K., Nakamura, T., Yamashita, S., Tochino, Y., and Matsuzawa, Y. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 20896-20902). In the current study, we examined the genomic structure of the mouse AQPap gene and its regulation by insulin. The mouse AQPap gene spanned 12 kilobase pairs in chromosome 4 and consisted of 8 exons and 7 introns. The first two exons, designated exon 1 and exon 1', are alternatively spliced to common exon 2, and thus the AQPap gene possessed two potential promoters. The exon 1-derived transcript is dominant in both adipose tissues and adipocytes on the basis of RNase protection assay and promoter analysis. The mRNA increased after fasting and decreased with refeeding. Insulin deficiency generated by streptozotocin enhanced the mRNA in adipose tissue. Insulin down-regulated AQPap mRNA in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The AQPap promoter contained heptanucleotide sequences, TGTTTTT at -443/-437, similar to the insulin-response element identified previously in the promoters of insulin-repressed genes. Deletion and single base pair substitution analysis of the promoter revealed that these sequences were required for insulin-mediated repression of AQPap gene transcription. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway was involved in this inhibition. We conclude that insulin represses the transcription of AQPap gene via insulin response element in its promoter. Sustained up-regulation of AQPap mRNA in adipose tissue in the insulin-resistant condition may disturb glucose homeostasis by increasing plasma glycerol.

* This work was supported in part by the fund from the "Research for the Future" Program from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science JSPS-RFTF97L00801 and Grants-in-aid from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture of Japan 09307019, 10557100, 10557101, and 10671035.The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

The nucleotide sequence(s) reported in this paper has been submitted to the GenBankTM/EMBL Data Bank with accession number(s) AB056091-AB056099.

Dagger To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dept. of Internal Medicine and Molecular Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan. Tel.: 81-6-6879-3732; Fax: 81-6-6879-3739; E-mail: ichi@imed2.med.osaka-u.ac.jp.

Copyright © 2001 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.


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