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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 276, Issue 39, 36361-36369, September 28, 2001
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and JUN Proteins*
From the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche
Médicale, Endocrinologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des
Cancers (U 540), 60 Rue de Navacelles, Montpellier 34090, France
Activated estrogen receptor
(ER
) modulates
transcription triggered by the transcription factor activator protein-1
(AP-1), which consists of Jun-Jun homodimers and Jun-Fos heterodimers. Previous studies have demonstrated that the interference occurs without
binding of ER
to DNA but probably results from
protein·protein interactions. However, involvement of a direct
interaction between ER
and AP-1 is still debated. Using glutathione
S-transferase pull-down assays, we demonstrated that ER
bound directly to c-Jun and JunB but not to FOS family
members, in a ligand-independent manner. The interaction
could occur when c-Jun was bound onto DNA, as shown in a
protein-protein-DNA assay. It implicated the C-terminal part of c-Jun
and amino acids 259-302 present in the ER
hinge domain. ER
but
not an ER
mutant deleted of amino acids 250-303 (ER241G), also
associated with c-Jun in intact cells, in the presence of estradiol, as
shown by two-hybrid and coimmunoprecipitation assays. We also show that
ER
, c-Jun, and the p160 coactivator GRIP1 can form a multiprotein
complex in vitro and in intact cells and that the
ER
·c-Jun interaction could be crucial for the stability of this
complex. VP16-ER
and c-Jun, which both interact with GRIP1, had
synergistic effect on GAL4-GRIP1-induced transcription in the presence
of estradiol, and this synergistic effect was not observed with the
ER
mutant VP16-ER241G or when c-Fos, which bound GRIP1 but not
ER
, was used instead of c-Jun. Finally, ER241G was inefficient for
regulation of AP-1 activity, and an ER
truncation mutant
encompassing the hinge domain had a dominant negative effect on ER
action. These results altogether demonstrate that ER
can bind to
c-Jun in vitro and in intact cells and that this
interaction, by stabilizing a multiprotein complex containing p160
coactivator, is likely to be involved in estradiol regulation of AP-1 responses.
To whom correspondence should be addressed: Tel.:
33-4-67-04-37-66; Fax: 33-4-67-54-05-98; E-mail:
chalbos@u540.montp.inserm.fr.
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