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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 276, Issue 46, 43122-43131, November 16, 2001
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From the Attachment of the cationic sugar
4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose (L-Ara4N) to
lipid A is required for the maintenance of polymyxin resistance in
Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium.
The enzymes that synthesize L-Ara4N and transfer it to
lipid A have not been identified. We now report an inner membrane
enzyme, expressed in polymyxin-resistant mutants, that adds one or two
L-Ara4N moieties to lipid A or its immediate precursors. No
soluble factors are required. A gene located near minute 51 on the
S. typhimurium and E. coli chromosomes
(previously termed orf5, pmrK, or
yfbI) encodes the L-Ara4N transferase. The
enzyme, renamed ArnT, consists of 548 amino acid residues in S. typhimurium with 12 possible membrane-spanning regions. ArnT
displays distant similarity to yeast protein mannosyltransferases. ArnT
adds two L-Ara4N units to lipid A precursors containing a
Kdo disaccharide. However, as shown by mass spectrometry and NMR
spectroscopy, it transfers only a single L-Ara4N residue to
the 1-phosphate moiety of lipid IVA, a precursor lacking
Kdo. Proteins with full-length sequence similarity to ArnT are present
in genomes of other bacteria thought to synthesize
L-Ara4N-modified lipid A, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Yersinia pestis. As shown in the
following article (Trent, M. S., Ribeiro, A. A., Doerrler,
W. T., Lin, S., Cotter, R. J., and Raetz, C. R. H. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276, 43132-43144), ArnT
utilizes the novel lipid undecaprenyl phosphate-
An Inner Membrane Enzyme in Salmonella
and Escherichia coli That Transfers
4-Amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose to Lipid A
INDUCTION IN POLYMYXIN-RESISTANT MUTANTS AND ROLE OF A NOVEL
LIPID-LINKED DONOR*,
§,¶,
,, and**
Department of Biochemistry, ¶ Duke NMR
Spectroscopy Center and Department of Radiology, Duke University
Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, and the Middle
Atlantic Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology
and Molecular Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of
Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205-2185
-L-Ara4N as its sugar donor, suggesting that L-Ara4N transfer to
lipid A occurs on the periplasmic side of the inner membrane.
*
This work was supported in part by National Institutes of
Health Grants GM-51310 (to C. R. H. R.) and GM54882 (to R. J. C.).The costs of publication of this
article were defrayed in part by the
payment of page charges. The article
must therefore be hereby marked
"advertisement" in
accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section
1734 solely to indicate this fact.
The on-line version of this article (available at
http://www.jbc.org) contains Fig. 1.
§
Supported by National Institute of Health Grant 1 F32 AI1056-02.
**
To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.: 919-684-5326;
Fax: 919-684-8885; E-mail: raetz@biochem.duke.edu.
Copyright © 2001 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
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