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Originally published In Press as doi:10.1074/jbc.M106244200 on September 10, 2001

J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 276, Issue 46, 43400-43406, November 16, 2001
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Differentiation-associated Na+-dependent Inorganic Phosphate Cotransporter (DNPI) Is a Vesicular Glutamate Transporter in Endocrine Glutamatergic Systems*

Mitsuko HayashiDagger §, Masato OtsukaDagger , Riyo Morimoto, Sumiko Hirota, Shouki Yatsushiro, Jun Takeda, Akitsugu Yamamoto||, and Yoshinori Moriyama**

From the Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, the  Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8512, and the || Department of Physiology, Kansai Medical University, Moriguchi, Osaka 570-8506, Japan

Vesicular glutamate transporter is present in neuronal synaptic vesicles and endocrine synaptic-like microvesicles and is responsible for vesicular storage of L-glutamate. A brain-specific Na+-dependent inorganic phosphate transporter (BNPI) functions as a vesicular glutamate transporter in synaptic vesicles, and the expression of this BNPI defines the glutamatergic phenotype in the central nervous system (Bellocchio, E. E., Reimer, R. J., Fremeau, R. T., Jr., and Edwards, R. H. (2000) Science 289, 957-960; Takamori, S., Rhee, J. S., Rosenmund, C., and Jahn, R. (2000) Nature 407, 189-194). However, since not all glutamatergic neurons contain BNPI, an additional transporter(s) responsible for vesicular glutamate uptake has been postulated. Here we report that differentiation-associated Na+-dependent inorganic phosphate cotransporter (DNPI), an isoform of BNPI (Aihara, Y., Mashima, H., Onda, H., Hisano, S., Kasuya, H., Hori, T., Yamada, S., Tomura, H., Yamada, Y., Inoue, I., Kojima, I., and Takeda, J. (2000) J. Neurochem. 74, 2622-2625), also transports L-glutamate at the expense of an electrochemical gradient of protons established by the vacuolar proton pump when expressed in COS7 cells. Molecular, biological, and immunohistochemical studies have indicated that besides its presence in neuronal cells DNPI is preferentially expressed in mammalian pinealocytes, alpha TC6 cells, clonal pancreatic alpha  cells, and alpha  cells of Langerhans islets, these cells being proven to secrete L-glutamate through Ca2+-dependent regulated exocytosis followed by its vesicular storage. Pancreatic polypeptide-secreting F cells of Langerhans islets also expressed DNPI. These results constitute evidence that DNPI functions as another vesicular transporter in glutamatergic endocrine cells as well as in neurons.


* This study was supported in part by grants-in-aid for scientific research from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture of Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Corporation; the Salt Science Foundation; and the Mishima Kaiun Memorial Foundation.The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

Dagger Both authors contributed equally to this work.

§ Supported by a research fellowship from the Japan Society for Promotion of Science for Young Scientists.

** To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel. and Fax: 81-86-251-7933; E-mail: moriyama@pheasant.pharm.okayama-u.ac.jp.


Copyright © 2001 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
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