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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 276, Issue 51, 48040-48047, December 21, 2001
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From the Center for Basic Research in Digestive Diseases,
Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry/Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic
and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
Dimerization of some G protein-coupled receptors
has recently been demonstrated, but how widespread this phenomenon
might be and its functional implications are not yet clear. We have utilized biophysical and biochemical techniques to evaluate whether the
type A cholecystokinin (CCK) receptor can form oligomeric complexes in
the plasma membrane and the impact of ligand binding and signaling on
such complexes. We investigated the possibility of bioluminescence
resonance energy transfer (BRET) between receptor constructs that
included carboxyl-terminal tags of Renilla luciferase or
yellow fluorescent protein. Indeed, co-expression of these constructs
in COS cells resulted in the constitutive presence of a significant
BRET signal above that in a series of controls, with this signal
reduced by co-expression of competing non-tagged CCK receptors. The
presence of an oligomeric complex of CCK receptor molecules was
confirmed in co-immunoprecipitation experiments. Occupation of CCK
receptors with agonist ligands (CCK or gastrin-4) resulted in the rapid
reduction in BRET signal in contrast to the enhancement of such a
signal reported after agonist occupation of the
Agonist-dependent Dissociation of Oligomeric
Complexes of G Protein-coupled Cholecystokinin Receptors Demonstrated
in Living Cells Using Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer*
2-adrenergic receptor. These effects on CCK receptor
oligomerization were concentration-dependent, correlating
with the potencies of the agonists. A smaller effect was observed for a
partial agonist, and no effect was observed for antagonist occupation
of this receptor. Agonist-induced reduction in BRET signal was also
observed for pairs of CCK receptors with a donor-acceptor pair situated
in other positions within the receptor. Manipulation of the
phosphorylation state of CCK receptor using protein kinase C activation
with phorbol ester or inhibition with staurosporine had no effect on
the basal level or agonist effect on CCK receptor oligomerization. This provides the first evidence for CCK receptor oligomerization in living
cells, with insights that the active conformation of this receptor
dissociates these complexes in a phosphorylation-independent manner.
*
This work was supported by National Institutes of Health
Grant DK32878, a grant from the Fiterman Foundation, and by a
Kendall-Mayo Fellowship Award (to Z-J. C.).The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the
payment of page charges. The article
must therefore be hereby marked
"advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section
1734 solely to indicate this fact.
To whom correspondence should be addressed: Center for Basic
Research in Digestive Disease, Guggenheim 17, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905. Tel.: 507-284-0680; Fax: 507-284-0762; E-mail:
miller@mayo.edu.
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