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Originally published In Press as doi:10.1074/jbc.M008983200 on November 17, 2000

J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 276, Issue 7, 4671-4676, February 16, 2001
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Phosphorylation of the Pro-apoptotic Protein BIK
MAPPING OF PHOSPHORYLATION SITES AND EFFECT ON APOPTOSIS*

Sulekha Verma, Ling-jun Zhao, and G. ChinnaduraiDagger

From the Institute for Molecular Virology, St. Louis University Health Sciences Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63110

BIK is a pro-apoptotic BCL-2 family member and is the founding member of a subfamily of pro-apoptotic proteins known as "BH3-alone" proteins. Ectopic expression of BIK induces apoptosis in variety of mammalian cells. BIK complexes with various anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family proteins such as adenovirus E1B-19K and BCL-2 via the BH3 domain. However, the heterodimerization activity of BIK alone is insufficient for its apoptotic activity. Previous studies have shown that phosphorylation regulates the functional activity of both anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic members of the BCL-2 family. Here, we have examined phosphorylation of BIK and its effect on the apoptotic activity of BIK. We show that BIK exists as a phosphoprotein and is phosphorylated at residues 33 (threonine) and 35 (serine). Mutation of the phosphorylation sites, in which the Thr and Ser residues were changed to alanine residues, reduced the apoptotic activity of BIK without significantly affecting its ability to heterodimerize with BCL-2. Our results suggest that phosphorylation of BIK is required for eliciting efficient apoptotic activity. Partial purification of the protein kinase from HeLa cell cytoplasmic extracts suggest that BIK may be phosphorylated by a casein kinase II-related enzyme.

* This work was supported by National Institutes of Health NCI Grants CA-33616 and CA-73803.The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

Dagger To whom correspondence should be addressed: Institute For Molecular Virology, Saint Louis University Medical Center, 3681 Park Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110. Tel.: 314-577-8416; Fax: 314-577-8406; E-mail: chinnag@slu.edu..

Copyright © 2001 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.


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