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Originally published In Press as doi:10.1074/jbc.M105732200 on October 19, 2001

J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 277, Issue 1, 550-558, January 4, 2002
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Requirement for PAK4 in the Anchorage-independent Growth of Human Cancer Cell Lines*

Marinella G. Callow, Felix Clairvoyant, Shirley Zhu, Brian Schryver, David B. Whyte, James R. Bischoff, Bahija Jallal, and Tod SmealDagger

From SUGEN Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080-4811

p21-activated protein kinase (PAK) serine/threonine kinases are important effectors of Rho family GTPases and have been implicated in the regulation of cell morphology and motility, as well as in cell transformation. To further investigate the possible involvement of PAK kinases in tumorigenesis, we analyzed the expression of several family members in tumor cell lines. Here we demonstrate that PAK4 is frequently overexpressed in human tumor cell lines of various tissue origins. We also have identified serine (Ser-474) as the likely autophosphorylation site in the kinase domain of PAK4 in vivo. Mutation of this serine to glutamic acid (S474E) results in constitutive activation of the kinase. Phosphospecific antibodies directed against serine 474 detect activated PAK4 on the Golgi membrane when PAK4 is co-expressed with activated Cdc42. Furthermore, expression of the active PAK4 (S474E) mutant has transforming potential, leading to anchorage-independent growth of NIH3T3 cells. A kinase-inactive PAK4 (K350A,K351A), on the other hand, efficiently blocks transformation by activated Ras and inhibits anchorage-independent growth of HCT116 colon cancer cells. Taken together, our data strongly implicate PAK4 in oncogenic transformation and suggest that PAK4 activity is required for Ras-driven, anchorage-independent growth.

* The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

Dagger To whom correspondence should be addressed: SUGEN Inc., 230 E. Grand Ave., South San Francisco, CA 94080-4811. Tel.: 650-837-3647; Fax: 650-837-3313; E-mail: tod-smeal@sugen.com.

Copyright © 2002 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
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