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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 277, Issue 10, 7633-7636, March 8, 2002
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§¶,
,
,
From the Earlier mutagenesis of the red fluorescent
protein drFP583, also called DsRed, resulted in a mutant named
Fluorescent Timer (Terskikh, A., Fradkov, A., Ermakova, G., Zaraisky,
A., Tan, P., Kajava, A. V., Zhao, X., Lukyanov, S., Matz, M., Kim,
S., Weissman, I., and Siebert, P. (2000) Science 290, 1585-1588). Further mutagenesis generated variants with novel
and improved fluorescent properties. The mutant called AG4 exhibits
only green fluorescence. The mutant, called E5up (V105A), shows
complete fluorophore maturation, eventually eliminating residual green
fluorescence present in DsRed. Finally, the mutant, called E57 (V105A,
I161T, S197A), matures faster than DsRed as demonstrated in
vitro with purified protein and in vivo with
recombinant protein expressed in Escherichia coli and
Xenopus leavis. Comparative analysis of the mutants in the
context of the crystal structure of DsRed suggests that mutants with
free space around the fluorophore mature faster and more completely.
Stanford University, School of Medicine,
Beckman Center, Stanford, California 94305, the
Shemiakin
and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy
of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia, the ** Center for
Molecular Modeling, Center for Information Technology, National
Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, and the

BD Biosciences Clontech, Palo Alto,
California 94303
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