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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 277, Issue 11, 8898-8905, March 15, 2002
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From Gene Regulation, Bone, and Inflammation Research, Lilly
Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center,
Indianapolis, Indiana 46285
Although PGC-1 (peroxisome
proliferator-activated receptor-
coactivator-1) has been previously shown to
enhance thyroid hormone receptor (TR)/retinoid X
receptor-mediated ucp-1 gene expression in a
ligand-induced manner in rat fibroblast cells, the precise mechanism of
PGC-1 modulation of TR function has yet to be determined. In this
study, we show that PGC-1 can potentiate TR-mediated transactivation of
reporter genes driven by natural thyroid hormone response elements both
in a ligand-dependent and ligand-independent manner and
that the extent of coactivation is a function of the thyroid hormone
response element examined. Our data also show that PGC-1 stimulation of
TR activity in terms of Gal4 DNA-binding domain fusion is strictly
ligand-dependent. In addition, an E457A AF-2 mutation had no
effect on the ligand-induced PGC-1 enhancement of TR activity,
indicating that the conserved charged residue in AF-2 is not essential
for this PGC-1 function. Furthermore, GST pull-down and mammalian
two-hybrid assays demonstrated that the PGC-1 LXXLL motif
is required for ligand-induced PGC-1/TR interaction. This
agonist-dependent PGC-1/TR interaction also requires both
helix 1 and the AF-2 region of the TR ligand-binding domain. Taken
together, these results support the notion that PGC-1 is a bona
fide TR coactivator and that PGC-1 modulates TR activity via a
mechanism different from that utilized with peroxisome proliferator
activator receptor-
.
To whom correspondence should be addressed: Gene Regulation, DC
0434, Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN 46285. Tel.: 317-433-4962; Fax: 317-276-1414; E-mail:
Burris_Thomas_P@lilly.com.
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