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Originally published In Press as doi:10.1074/jbc.M108062200 on December 12, 2001
J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 277, Issue 12, 10139-10149, March 22, 2002
Characterization of Glis2, a Novel Gene Encoding a
Gli-related, Krüppel-like Transcription Factor with
Transactivation and Repressor Functions
ROLES IN KIDNEY DEVELOPMENT AND NEUROGENESIS*
Feng
Zhang ,
Gen
Nakanishi ,
Shogo
Kurebayashi,
Kiyoshi
Yoshino§,
Alan
Perantoni§,
Yong-Sik
Kim, and
Anton M.
Jetten¶
From the Cell Biology Section Division of Intramural Research,
NIEHS, National Institutes of Health,
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709 and
§ Laboratory of Comparative Carcinogenesis, NCI,
National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702
In this study, we describe the characterization
of a gene encoding a novel Krüppel-like protein, named Glis2.
Glis2 encodes a relatively proline-rich, basic 55.8-kDa protein. Its
five tandem Cys2-His2 zinc finger motifs
exhibit the highest homology to those of members of the Gli and Zic
subfamilies of Krüppel-like proteins. Confocal microscopic
analysis demonstrated that Glis2 localizes to the nucleus. Analysis of
the genomic structure of the Glis2 gene showed that it is
composed of 6 exons separated by 5 introns spanning a genomic region of
more than 7.5 kb. Fluorescence in situ hybridization mapped
the mouse Glis2 gene to chromosome 16A3-B1. Northern blot
analysis showed that the Glis2 gene encodes a 3.8-kb transcript that is most abundant in adult mouse kidney. By in situ hybridization, expression was localized to somites and
neural tube, and during metanephric development predominantly to the ureteric bud, precursor of the collecting duct, and inductor of nephronic tubule formation. One-hybrid analysis using Glis2 deletion mutants identified a novel activation function (AF) at the N terminus. The activation of transcription through this AF domain was totally suppressed by two repressor functions just downstream from the AF. One
of the repressor functions is contained within the first zinc finger
motif. The level of transcriptional activation and repression varied
with the cell line tested, which might be due to differences in cell
type-specific expression of co-activators and co-repressors. Our
results suggest that Glis2 behaves as a bifunctional transcriptional
regulator. Both the activation and repressor functions may play an
important role in the regulation of gene expression during embryonic development.
*
The costs of publication of this
article were defrayed in part by the
payment of page charges. The article
must therefore be hereby marked
"advertisement" in
accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section
1734 solely to indicate this fact.
The nucleotide sequence(s) reported in this paper has been submitted to the GenBankTM/EBI Data Bank with accession number(s) AF336135 and AF325913.
Both authors contributed equally to this work.
¶
To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.:
919-541-2768; Fax: 919-541-4133; E-mail: jetten@niehs.nih.gov.
Copyright © 2002 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

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Copyright © 2002 by the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.
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