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Originally published In Press as doi:10.1074/jbc.M109604200 on January 9, 2002
J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 277, Issue 12, 10489-10497, March 22, 2002
Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF)-binding Protein-3 Mutants
That Do Not Bind IGF-I or IGF-II Stimulate Apoptosis in Human Prostate
Cancer Cells*
Jiang
Hong,
George
Zhang ,
Feng
Dong, and
Matthew M.
Rechler§
From the Clinical Endocrinology Branch, NIDDK, National
Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding
protein-3 (IGFBP-3) can stimulate apoptosis and inhibit cell
proliferation directly and independently of binding IGFs or indirectly
by forming complexes with IGF-I and IGF-II that prevent them from
activating the IGF-I receptor to stimulate cell survival and
proliferation. To date, IGF-independent actions only have been
demonstrated in a limited number of cells that do not synthesize or
respond to IGFs. To assess the general importance of IGF-independent
mechanisms, we have generated human IGFBP-3 mutants that cannot
bind IGF-I or IGF-II by substituting alanine for six residues in the
proposed IGF binding site,
Ile56/Tyr57/Arg75/Leu77/Leu80/Leu81,
and expressing the 6m-hIGFBP-3 mutant construct in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Binding of both IGF-I and IGF-II to 6m-hIGFBP-3 was reduced >80-fold. The nonbinding 6m-hIGFBP-3 mutant still was able to
inhibit DNA synthesis in a mink lung epithelial cell line in which
inhibition by wild-type hIGFBP-3 previously had been shown to be
exclusively IGF-independent. 6m-hIGFBP-3 only can act by
IGF-independent mechanisms since it is unable to form complexes with
the IGFs that inhibit their action. We next compared the ability of
wild-type and 6m-hIGFBP-3 to stimulate apoptosis in serum-deprived PC-3
human prostate cancer cells. PC-3 cells are known to synthesize and
respond to IGF-II, so that IGFBP-3 could potentially act by
either IGF-dependent or IGF-independent mechanisms. In
fact, 6m-hIGFBP-3 stimulated PC-3 cell death and stimulated apoptosis-induced DNA fragmentation to the same extent and with the
same concentration dependence as wild-type hIGFBP-3. These results
indicate that IGF-independent mechanisms are major contributors to
IGFBP-3-induced apoptosis in PC-3 cells and may play a wider role in
the antiproliferative and antitumorigenic actions of
IGFBP-3.
*
The costs of publication of this
article were defrayed in part by the
payment of page charges. The article
must therefore be hereby marked
"advertisement" in
accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section
1734 solely to indicate this fact.
Present address: Lexicon Genetics, 4000 Research Forest Dr., The
Woodlands, TX 77381.
§
To whom correspondence should be addressed: Bldg. 10, Rm. 8D12,
Clinical Endocrinology Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, MD 20892. Tel.: 301-594-6796; Fax: 301-480-0262; E-mail,
mrechler@helix.nih.gov.
Copyright © 2002 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

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Copyright © 2002 by the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.
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