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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 277, Issue 12, 9806-9811, March 22, 2002
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,
From the Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, The Rayne
Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, SE1 7EH and
§ Proteome Sciences plc, South Wing Laboratory,
Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, Denmark Hill,
SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
We have developed methods that allow detection,
quantitation, purification, and identification of cardiac proteins
S-thiolated during ischemia and reperfusion. Cysteine was
biotinylated and loaded into isolated rat hearts. During oxidative
stress, biotin-cysteine forms a disulfide bond with reactive protein
cysteines, and these can be detected by probing Western blots with
streptavidin-horseradish peroxidase. S-Thiolated proteins
were purified using streptavidin-agarose. Thus, we demonstrated that
reperfusion and diamide treatment increased S-thiolation of
a number of cardiac proteins by 3- and 10-fold, respectively.
Dithiothreitol treatment of homogenates fully abolished the
signals detected. Fractionation studies indicated that the modified
proteins are located within the cytosol, membrane, and myofilament/cytoskeletal compartments of the cardiac cells. This shows
that biotin-cysteine gains rapid and efficient intracellular access and
acts as a probe for reactive protein cysteines in all cellular
locations. Using Western blotting of affinity-purified proteins we
identified actin, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, HSP27,
protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B, protein kinase C
, and the small
G-protein ras as substrates for S-thiolation during reperfusion of the ischemic rat heart. MALDI-TOF mass fingerprint analysis of tryptic peptides independently confirmed actin and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase S-thiolation
during reperfusion. This approach has also shown that triosephosphate
isomerase, aconitate hydratase, M-protein, nucleoside diphosphate
kinase B, and myoglobin are S-thiolated during
post-ischemic reperfusion.
To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.: 020-7928-9292 (ext. 2749); Fax: 020-7922-8139; E-mail: philip.eaton@kcl.ac.uk.
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