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Originally published In Press as doi:10.1074/jbc.M107651200 on February 1, 2002

J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 277, Issue 16, 13983-13988, April 19, 2002
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Elucidation of the Metabolic Fate of Glucose in the Filamentous Fungus Trichoderma reesei Using Expressed Sequence Tag (EST) Analysis and cDNA Microarrays*

Felipe S. ChambergoDagger , Eric D. BonaccorsiDagger , Ari J. S. FerreiraDagger , Augusto S. P. RamosDagger , José Ribamar Ferreira JúniorDagger , José Abrahão-Neto§, João P. Simon Farah, and Hamza El-DorryDagger ||

From the Departments of Dagger  Biochemistry and  Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Avenida Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, São Paulo SP 05508-900, Brazil

Despite the intense interest in the metabolic regulation and evolution of the ATP-producing pathways, the long standing question of why most multicellular microorganisms metabolize glucose by respiration rather than fermentation remains unanswered. One such microorganism is the cellulolytic fungus Trichoderma reesei (Hypocrea jecorina). Using EST analysis and cDNA microarrays, we find that in T. reesei expression of the genes encoding the enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the proteins of the electron transport chain is programmed in a way that favors the oxidation of pyruvate via the tricarboxylic acid cycle rather than its reduction to ethanol by fermentation. Moreover, the results indicate that acetaldehyde may be channeled into acetate rather than ethanol, thus preventing the regeneration of NAD+, a pivotal product required for anaerobic metabolism. The studies also point out that the regulatory machinery controlled by glucose was most probably the target of evolutionary pressure that directed the flow of metabolites into respiratory metabolism rather than fermentation. This finding has significant implications for the development of metabolically engineered cellulolytic microorganisms for fuel production from cellulose biomass.

* This work was supported by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo Grants Genoma-FAPESP 97/13461-1, FAPESP 97/5267-0, and PADCT-CNPq 62.0533/98-6.The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

The nucleotide sequence(s) reported in this paper has been submitted to the GenBankTM/EBI Data Bank with accession number(s) BM076169-BM077297 (EST) and AF447590 (mtDNA).

This work is dedicated to Professor Metry Bacila on his 80th birthday.

§ Present address: Dept. of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutical Sciences School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo SP 05508-900, Brazil.

|| To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.: 55-11-3091-3848; Fax: 55-11-3091-3848; E-mail address: dorry@iq.usp.br.

Copyright © 2002 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
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