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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 277, Issue 17, 15132-15141, April 26, 2002
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,
From the Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of
Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel and The microphthalmia-associated transcription
factor (Mitf) is essential for melanocytic lineage development and for
expression of melanogenic enzymes, such as tyrosinase. Interleukin-6
receptor/interleukin-6 chimera (IL6RIL6) induces in B16/F10.9 melanoma
cells a loss of melanogenesis preceded by a sharp decrease in Mitf
mRNA and gene promoter activity. In the Mitf promoter, the main
cis-acting element mediating the IL6RIL6 effect is shown to be the
binding site of Pax3, a paired homeodomain factor regulating among
other things the development of melanocytes. Pax3 protein and mRNA
levels decline steadily after IL6RIL6 treatment, and overexpression of
an ectopic Pax3 cDNA suppresses the Mitf promoter inhibition. Loss
of the synergism between Pax3 and Sox10, a high mobility group
domain costimulatory factor, seems to be critical in the rapid decrease in Mitf gene expression. The Pax3 down-regulation in IL6RIL6-induced F10.9 cell is linked to growth arrest and transdifferentiation to a
glial cell phenotype. IL6RIL6 stimulates the interleukin-6 family
cytokine receptor gp130, leading to the rapid phosphorylation of Stat3
on tyrosine 705. This phosphorylation is required for Pax3
down-regulation and Mitf promoter silencing since these are inhibited
in F10.9 cells overexpressing the Stat3 DN-mutant Y705F.
INSERM U385,
Faculté de Médecine, 06000 Nice, France
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