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Originally published In Press as doi:10.1074/jbc.M112262200 on February 20, 2002
J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 277, Issue 18, 15472-15481, May 3, 2002
Direct Interaction of the NifL Regulatory Protein with the GlnK
Signal Transducer Enables the Azotobacter vinelandii
NifL-NifA Regulatory System to Respond to Conditions Replete for
Nitrogen*
Richard
Little ,
Victoria
Colombo ,
Andrew
Leech§, and
Ray
Dixon ¶
From the Department of Molecular Microbiology, John
Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH and the § School of Biological
Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich
NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
The Azotobacter vinelandii NifL-NifA
regulatory system integrates metabolic signals for redox, energy, and
nitrogen status to fine tune regulation of the synthesis of molybdenum
nitrogenase. The NifL protein utilizes discrete mechanisms to perceive
these signals leading to the formation of a protein-protein complex, which inhibits NifA activity. Whereas redox signaling is mediated via a
flavin-containing PAS domain in the N-terminal region of NifL,
the nitrogen status is sensed via interaction with PII-like signal
transduction proteins and small molecular weight effectors. The
nonuridylylated form of the PII-like protein encoded by A. vinelandii glnK (Av GlnK) stimulates NifL to inhibit
transcriptional activation by NifA in vitro. Here we
demonstrate that the nonmodified form of Av GlnK directly interacts
with A. vinelandii NifL and that this interaction is
dependent on Mg2+, ATP, and 2-oxoglutarate. Differences
were observed in the regulation of the Av GlnK-NifL interaction by
2-oxoglutarate compared with the role of this effector in modulating
the interaction of enteric PII-like proteins with their receptors. We
also report that the interaction between Av GlnK and NifL is abolished
by site-directed substitution of a single amino acid in the T-loop
region of Av GlnK and that uridylylation of the conserved tyrosine
residue in the T-loop inhibits the interaction. No association was
detected between Av GlnK and the N-terminal region of NifL and
our results demonstrate that Av GlnK directly interacts with the
C-terminal histidine protein kinase-like domain.
*
This work was supported by grants from the
Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council.The costs of publication of this
article were defrayed in part by the
payment of page charges. The article
must therefore be hereby marked
"advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section
1734 solely to indicate this fact.
¶
To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.:
44-1603-450747; Fax: 44-1603-450778; E-mail:
ray.dixon@bbsrc.ac.uk.
Copyright © 2002 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

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Copyright © 2002 by the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.
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