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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 277, Issue 20, 18029-18036, May 17, 2002
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From the The immediate early gene
tristetraprolin (TTP) is induced transiently in
many cell types by numerous extracellular stimuli. TTP
encodes a zinc finger protein that can bind and destabilize mRNAs
that encode tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF
Cytoplasmic Localization of Tristetraprolin Involves
14-3-3-dependent and -independent Mechanisms*
,
¶
Center for Blood Research and Department of
Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 and
the § Center for Cancer Research, Department of Biology,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
02139
) and other cytokines.
We hypothesize that TTP also has a broader role in growth
factor-responsive pathways. In support of this model, we have
previously determined that TTP induces apoptosis through the
mitochondrial pathway, analogously to certain oncogenes and other
immediate-early genes, and that TTP sensitizes cells to the
pro-apoptotic signals of TNF
. In this study, we show that TTP and
the related proteins TIS11b and TIS11d bind specifically to 14-3-3 proteins and that individual 14-3-3 isoforms preferentially bind to
different phosphorylated TTP species. 14-3-3 binding does not appear to
inhibit or promote induction of apoptosis by TTP but is one of multiple
mechanisms that localize TTP to the cytoplasm. Our results provide the
first example of 14-3-3 interacting functionally with an RNA binding
protein and binding in vivo to a Type II 14-3-3 binding
site. They also suggest that 14-3-3 binding is part of a complex
network of stimuli and interactions that regulate TTP function.
*
This work was supported by National Institutes of Health
Grants CA84418 (to T. K. B.) and GM60594 (to M. B. Y.), by an
Arthritis Foundation fellowship (to B. A. J.), and by a C. J. Martin fellowship from the National Health and Medical Research
Council of Australia (to J. R. S.).The costs of publication of this
article were defrayed in part by the
payment of page charges. The article
must therefore be hereby marked
"advertisement" in
accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section
1734 solely to indicate this fact.
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