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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 277, Issue 20, 18077-18083, May 17, 2002
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From the Departments of Exposure to ultraviolet light can cause
inflammation, premature skin aging, and cancer. UV irradiation
alters the expression of multiple genes that encode functions to repair
DNA damage, arrest cell growth, and induce apoptosis. In addition, UV
irradiation inhibits protein synthesis, although the mechanism is not
known. In this report, we show that UV irradiation induces
phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 on the
Ultraviolet Light Inhibits Translation through Activation of the
Unfolded Protein Response Kinase PERK in the Lumen of the Endoplasmic
Reticulum*
§,
,
,
,
Radiation Oncology and
Biological Chemistry, The Howard Hughes Medical Institute,
University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 and
the ¶ Endocrine Division, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly
and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285
-subunit (eIF2
) and inhibits protein synthesis in a dosage- and
time-dependent manner. The UV-induced phosphorylation of
eIF2
was prevented by the overexpression of a non-phosphorylatable
mutant of eIF2
(S51A). PERK is an eIF2
protein kinase localized
to the endoplasmic reticulum that is activated by the accumulation of
unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. Expression of
trans-dominant-negative mutants of PERK also prevented
eIF2
phosphorylation upon UV treatment and protected from the
associated translation attenuation. The luminal domain of
dominant-negative mutant PERK formed heterodimers with endogenous PERK
to inhibit the PERK signaling pathway. In contrast, eIF2
phosphorylation was not inhibited by overexpression of a
trans-dominant-negative mutant kinase, PKR, supporting the theory that UV-induced eIF2
phosphorylation is specifically mediated by PERK. These results support a novel mechanism by which UV
irradiation regulates translation via an endoplasmic
reticulum-stress signaling pathway.
*
This work was supported in part by National Institutes of
Health Grants RO1 CA86926 (to S. W.) and RO1 AI42394 (to R. J. K.).The costs of publication of this
article were defrayed in part by the
payment of page charges. The article
must therefore be hereby marked
"advertisement" in
accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section
1734 solely to indicate this fact.
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