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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 277, Issue 20, 18182-18190, May 17, 2002

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Biosynthesis of HNK-1 Glycans on O-Linked Oligosaccharides Attached to the Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule (NCAM)
THE REQUIREMENT FOR CORE 2 1,6-N-ACETYLGLUCOSAMINYLTRANSFERASE AND THE MUSCLE-SPECIFIC DOMAIN IN NCAM^*

Edgar Ong, Misa Suzuki, Frederic Belot^§, Jiunn-Chern Yeh^¶, Isabelle Franceschini, Kiyohiko Angata, Ole Hindsgaul, and Minoru Fukuda^**

From the Glycobiology Program, Cancer Research Center, The Burnham Institute, La Jolla, California 92037

The HNK-1 glycan, sulfo3GlcA13Gal14GlcNAc1R, is highly expressed in neuronal cells and apparently plays critical roles in neuronal cell migration and axonal extension. The HNK-1 glycan synthesis is initiated by the addition of 1,3-linked GlcA to N-acetyllactosamine followed by sulfation of the C-3 position of GlcA. The cDNAs encoding 1,3-glucuronyltransferase (GlcAT-P) and HNK-1 sulfotransferase (HNK-1ST) have been recently cloned. Among various adhesion molecules, the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) was shown to contain HNK-1 glycan on N-glycans. In the present study, we first demonstrated that NCAM also bears HNK-1 glycan attached to O-glycans when NCAM contains the O-glycan attachment scaffold, muscle-specific domain, and is synthesized in the presence of core 2 1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase, GlcAT-P, and HNK-1ST. Structural analysis of the HNK-1 glycan revealed that the HNK-1 glycan is attached on core 2 branched O-glycans, sulfo3GlcA13Gal14GlcNAc16(Gal13)GalNAc. Using synthetic oligosaccharides as acceptors, we found that GlcAT-P and HNK-1ST almost equally act on oligosaccharides, mimicking N- and O-glycans. By contrast, HNK-1 glycan was much more efficiently added to N-glycans than O-glycans when NCAM was used as an acceptor. These results are consistent with our results showing that HNK-1 glycan is minimally attached to O-glycans of NCAM in fetal brain, heart, and the myoblast cell line, C2C12. These results combined together indicate that HNK-1 glycan can be synthesized on core 2 branched O-glycans but that the HNK-1 glycan is preferentially added on N-glycans over O-glycans of NCAM, probably because N-glycans are extended further than O-glycans attached to NCAM containing the muscle-specific domain.

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