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Originally published In Press as doi:10.1074/jbc.M112377200 on March 20, 2002

J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 277, Issue 22, 19255-19264, May 31, 2002
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Overexpression of Calreticulin Modulates Protein Kinase B/Akt Signaling to Promote Apoptosis during Cardiac Differentiation of Cardiomyoblast H9c2 Cells*

Kan KageyamaDagger §, Yoshito IharaDagger ||, Shinji GotoDagger , Yoshishige UrataDagger , Genji Toda§, Katsusuke Yano§, and Takahito KondoDagger

From the Dagger  Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in Disease, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, and the § Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan

Calreticulin is a Ca2+-binding molecular chaperone of the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. Calreticulin has been shown to be essential for cardiac and neural development in mice, but the mechanism by which it functions in cell differentiation is not fully understood. To examine the role of calreticulin in cardiac differentiation, the calreticulin gene was introduced into rat cardiomyoblast H9c2 cells, and the effect of calreticulin overexpression on cardiac differentiation was examined. Upon culture in a differentiation medium containing fetal calf serum (1%) and retinoic acid (10 nM), cells transfected with the calreticulin gene were highly susceptible to apoptosis compared with controls. In the gene-transfected cells, protein kinase B/Akt signaling was significantly suppressed during differentiation. Furthermore, protein phosphatase 2A, a Ser/Thr protein phosphatase, was significantly up-regulated, implying suppression of Akt signaling due to dephosphorylation of Akt by the up-regulated protein phosphatase 2A via regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis. Thus, overexpression of calreticulin promotes differentiation-dependent apoptosis in H9c2 cells by suppressing the Akt signaling pathway. These findings indicate a novel mechanism by which cytoplasmic Akt signaling is modulated to cause apoptosis by a resident protein of the endoplasmic reticulum, calreticulin.


* This work was supported in part by grants-in-aid from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports, and Culture of Japan and by the Japan Foundation of Cardiovascular Research.The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

Both authors contributed equally to this work.

|| To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.: 81-95-849-7099; Fax: 81-95-849-7100; E-mail: y-ihara@net.nagasaki-u.ac.jp.


Copyright © 2002 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
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