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Originally published In Press as doi:10.1074/jbc.M112073200 on March 27, 2002
J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 277, Issue 23, 20169-20176, June 7, 2002
A Forkhead/Winged Helix-related Transcription Factor Mediates
Insulin-increased Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Gene
Transcription*
Anthony Igor
Vulin and
Frederick M.
Stanley
From the Department of Pharmacology, New York University School of
Medicine, New York, New York 10016
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is an
important regulator of fibrinolysis by its inhibition of both
tissue-type and urokinase plasminogen activators. PAI-1 levels are
elevated in type II diabetes and this elevation correlates with macro- and microvascular complications of diabetes. Insulin increases PAI-1
production in several experimental systems, but the mechanism of
insulin-activated PAI-1 transcription remains to be determined. Deletion analysis of the PAI-1 promoter revealed that the insulin response element is between 117 and 7. Mutation of the AT-rich site
at 52/ 45 abolished the insulin responsiveness of the PAI-1 promoter. This sequence is similar to the inhibitory sequence found in
the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylkinase/insulin-like growth factor-I-binding protein I promoters. Gel-mobility shift assays demonstrated that the forkhead bound to the PAI-1 promoter insulin response element. Expression of the DNA-binding domain of FKHR acted as
a dominant negative to block insulin-increased PAI-1-CAT expression. A
LexA-FKHR construct was also insulin responsive. These data suggested
that a member of the Forkhead/winged helix family of transcription
factors mediated the effect of insulin on PAI-1 transcription.
Inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase reduced the effect
of insulin on PAI-1 gene expression, a result consistent with
activation through FKHR. However, it was likely that a different member
of the FKHR family (not FKHR) mediated this effect since FKHR was
present in both insulin-responsive and non-responsive cell lines.
*
This work was supported by the New York State Health
Research Council Diabetes Bridging Grant program and by the National Science Foundation (for support of the Research Computing Resource at
the New York University School of Medicine (BIR-9318128)).The costs of publication of this
article were defrayed in part by the
payment of page charges. The article
must therefore be hereby marked
"advertisement" in
accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section
1734 solely to indicate this fact.
To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dept. of Medicine, TCH
450, NYU Medical Center, 550 First Ave., New York, NY 10016. Tel.:
212-263-7927; Fax: 212-263-7701; E-mail: Stanlf01@med.nyu.edu.
Copyright © 2002 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

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Copyright © 2002 by the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.
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