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Originally published In Press as doi:10.1074/jbc.M112073200 on March 27, 2002

J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 277, Issue 23, 20169-20176, June 7, 2002
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A Forkhead/Winged Helix-related Transcription Factor Mediates Insulin-increased Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Gene Transcription*

Anthony Igor Vulin and Frederick M. StanleyDagger

From the Department of Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016

Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is an important regulator of fibrinolysis by its inhibition of both tissue-type and urokinase plasminogen activators. PAI-1 levels are elevated in type II diabetes and this elevation correlates with macro- and microvascular complications of diabetes. Insulin increases PAI-1 production in several experimental systems, but the mechanism of insulin-activated PAI-1 transcription remains to be determined. Deletion analysis of the PAI-1 promoter revealed that the insulin response element is between -117 and -7. Mutation of the AT-rich site at -52/-45 abolished the insulin responsiveness of the PAI-1 promoter. This sequence is similar to the inhibitory sequence found in the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylkinase/insulin-like growth factor-I-binding protein I promoters. Gel-mobility shift assays demonstrated that the forkhead bound to the PAI-1 promoter insulin response element. Expression of the DNA-binding domain of FKHR acted as a dominant negative to block insulin-increased PAI-1-CAT expression. A LexA-FKHR construct was also insulin responsive. These data suggested that a member of the Forkhead/winged helix family of transcription factors mediated the effect of insulin on PAI-1 transcription. Inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase reduced the effect of insulin on PAI-1 gene expression, a result consistent with activation through FKHR. However, it was likely that a different member of the FKHR family (not FKHR) mediated this effect since FKHR was present in both insulin-responsive and non-responsive cell lines.


* This work was supported by the New York State Health Research Council Diabetes Bridging Grant program and by the National Science Foundation (for support of the Research Computing Resource at the New York University School of Medicine (BIR-9318128)).The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

Dagger To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dept. of Medicine, TCH 450, NYU Medical Center, 550 First Ave., New York, NY 10016. Tel.: 212-263-7927; Fax: 212-263-7701; E-mail: Stanlf01@med.nyu.edu.


Copyright © 2002 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
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