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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 277, Issue 24, 21231-21236, June 14, 2002

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Role of Calcium and Membrane Organization on Phospholipase D Localization and Activity
COMPETITION BETWEEN A SOLUBLE AND AN INSOLUBLE SUBSTRATE^*

Karim El Kirat^§, Françoise Besson, Annie-France Prigent^¶, Jean-Paul Chauvet, and Bernard Roux

From  Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie Biologique, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 5013, Bâtiment Chevreul, 43 Boulevard du 11/11/1918, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon 1, France, ^¶ Laboratoire de Biochimie et Pharmacologie, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medical U352, Bat. Pasteur, 20 Avenue Albert Einstein, F-69621 Villeurbanne, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon, France, and  Laboratoire d'Ingénierie et de Fonctionnalisation des Surfaces, UMR CNRS 5621, 36 Avenue Collongue, F-69131 Ecully, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, France

The phospholipase D (PLD) from Streptomyces chromofuscus is a soluble enzyme known to be activated by the phosphatidic acid-calcium complexes. PLD-catalyzed hydrolysis of phospholipids in aqueous medium leads to the formation of phosphatidic acid (PA). Previous studies concluded on an allosteric activation of PLD by the PA-calcium complexes. In this work, the role of PA and calcium was investigated in terms of membrane structure and dynamics. The role of calcium in PLD partitioning between the soluble phase and the water-lipid interface was tested. The monomolecular film technique was used to measure both membrane dynamics and PLD activity. These experiments provided information on PLD activity at a water-lipid interface. Moreover, the ability of PA to enhance PLD activity toward phosphatidylcholine was correlated to the physical properties of PA itself, affecting the rheology of the membrane. The effect of calcium was investigated on PLD binding to lipids and on the catalytic process by competition experiments between a soluble and a vesicular substrate. These experiments confirmed the absolute PLD requirement for calcium and pointed out the importance of calcium for PLD catalytic process and for the enzyme location at the water-lipid interface.

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