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Originally published In Press as doi:10.1074/jbc.M200434200 on March 28, 2002
J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 277, Issue 24, 21971-21982, June 14, 2002
Transcriptional Program of Mouse Osteoclast
Differentiation Governed by the Macrophage Colony-stimulating Factor
and the Ligand for the Receptor Activator of NF B*
David
Cappellen ,
Ngoc-Hong
Luong-Nguyen ,
Sandrine
Bongiovanni§,
Olivier
Grenet§,
Christoph
Wanke§, and
Mira
u a ¶
From the Novartis Pharma Research, Arthritis and Bone
Metabolism Therapeutic Area, § Novartis Pharma Development,
Pharmacogenomics Area, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
Cytokines macrophage colony stimulating factor
(M-CSF) and the receptor activator of NF B ligand (RANKL) induce
differentiation of bone marrow hematopoietic precursor cells into
bone-resorbing osteoclasts without the requirement for stromal cells of
mesenchymal origin. We used this recently described mouse cell system
and oligonucleotide microarrays representing about 9,400 different genes to analyze gene expression in hematopoietic cells undergoing differentiation to osteoclasts. The ability of microarrays to detect
the genes of interest was validated by showing expression and expected
regulation of several osteoclast marker genes. In total 750 known
transcripts were up-regulated by 2-fold, and 91% of them at an early
time in culture, suggesting that almost the whole differentiation
program is defined already in pre-osteoclasts. As expected, M-CSF alone
induced the receptor for RANKL (RANK), but also, unexpectedly, other
RANK/NF B pathway components (TRAF2A, PI3-kinase, MEKK3, RIPK1),
providing a molecular explanation for the synergy of M-CSF and RANKL.
Furthermore, interleukins, interferons, and their receptors (IL-1 ,
IL-18, IFN- , IL-11R 2, IL-6/11R gp130, IFN R) were induced by
M-CSF. Although interleukins are thought to regulate osteoclasts via
modulation of M-CSF and RANKL expression in stromal cells, we showed
that a mix of IL-1, IL-6, and IL-11 directly increased the activity of
osteoclasts by 8.5-fold. RANKL induced about 70 novel target genes,
including chemokines and growth factors (RANTES (regulated on
activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted), PDGF , IGF1),
histamine, and 1A-adrenergic receptors, and three waves of distinct
receptors, transcription factors, and signaling molecules. In
conclusion, M-CSF induced genes necessary for a direct response to
RANKL and interleukins, while RANKL directed a three-stage
differentiation program and induced genes for interaction with
osteoblasts and immune and nerve cells. Thus, global gene expression
suggests a more dynamic role of osteoclasts in bone physiology than
previously anticipated.
*
The costs of publication of this
article were defrayed in part by the
payment of page charges. The article
must therefore be hereby marked
"advertisement" in
accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section
1734 solely to indicate this fact.
¶
To whom correspondence should be addressed: Novartis Pharma
Research, Arthritis and Bone Metabolism Therapeutic Area, WKL-125.9.12, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland. Tel.: 41-61-696-44-49; Fax:
41-61-696-38-49; E-mail:
mira.susa_spring@pharma.novartis.com.
Copyright © 2002 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

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