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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 277, Issue 27, 24390-24398, July 5, 2002
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From the An intricate array of heterogeneous transcription
factors participate in programming tissue-specific gene expression
through combinatorial interactions that are unique to a given
cell-type. The zinc finger-containing transcription factor GATA4, which
is widely expressed in mesodermal and endodermal derived tissues, is
thought to regulate cardiac myocyte-specific gene expression through
combinatorial interactions with other semi-restricted transcription
factors such as myocyte enhancer factor 2, nuclear factor of
activated T-cells, serum response factor, and Nkx2.5. Here we
determined that GATA4 also interacts with the cardiac-expressed basic
helix-loop-helix transcription factor dHAND (also known as HAND2).
GATA4 and dHAND synergistically activated expression of
cardiac-specific promoters from the atrial natriuretic factor gene, the
b-type natriuretic peptide gene, and the
The Transcription Factors GATA4 and dHAND Physically Interact to
Synergistically Activate Cardiac Gene Expression through a
p300-dependent Mechanism*
§,
, and
**
Department of Pediatrics, University of
Cincinnati, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
45229-3039, the § Department of Molecular Sciences, Pfizer
Global Research and Development, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, and the
¶ Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State
University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
-myosin heavy chain gene.
Using artificial reporter constructs this functional synergy was shown
to be GATA site-dependent, but E-box site-independent. A
mechanism for the transcriptional synergy was suggested by the observation that the bHLH domain of dHAND physically interacted with
the C-terminal zinc finger domain of GATA4 forming a higher order
complex. This transcriptional synergy observed between GATA4 and dHAND
was associated with p300 recruitment, but not with alterations in DNA
binding activity of either factor. Moreover, the bHLH domain of dHAND
directly interacted with the CH3 domain of p300 suggesting the
existence of a higher order complex between GATA4, dHAND, and p300.
Taken together with previous observations, these results suggest the
existence of an enhanceosome complex comprised of p300 and multiple
semi-restricted transcription factors that together specify
tissue-specific gene expression in the heart.
*
This work was supported by grants from the National
Institutes of Health (to J. D. M. and B. E. M.) and
the Pew Charitable Trust Foundation (to J. D. M.).The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the
payment of page charges. The article
must therefore be hereby marked
"advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section
1734 solely to indicate this fact.
To whom correspondence may be addressed: Dept. of Molecular
Sciences, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 2800 Plymouth Rd.,
Ann Arbor, MI 48105. E-mail: bruce.markham@pfizer.com.
**
To whom correspondence may be addressed: Division of Molecular
Cardiovascular Biology, Dept. of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039. E-mail: jeff.molkentin@chmcc.org.
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