![]()
|
|
||||||||
J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 277, Issue 28, 25001-25010, July 12, 2002
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
,
,
,
,
,
¶
From the Three major PITX2 isoforms are differentially
expressed in human, mice, zebrafish, chick, and frog tissues. To
demonstrate differential regulation of gene expression by these
isoforms we used three different promoters and three cell lines.
Transient transfection of Chinese hamster ovary, HeLa, and LS-8 cell
lines revealed differences in PITX2A and PITX2C activation of the
PLOD1 and Dlx2 promoters, however, PITX2B is
inactive. In contrast, PITX2B actives the pituitary-specific
Prolactin promoter at higher levels than either PITX2A or
PITX2C. Interestingly, co-transfection of either PITX2A or
PITX2C with PITX2B results in a synergistic activation of the PLOD1 and Dlx2 promoters.
Furthermore, PITX2 isoforms have different transcriptional activity
dependent upon the cells used for transfection analysis. We have
isolated a fourth PITX2 isoform (PITX2D)
expressed only in humans, which acts to suppress the transcriptional
activity of the other PITX2 isoforms. Electrophoretic mobility shift
assays and glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments
demonstrated that all isoforms interact with PITX2D and that PITX2B
forms heterodimeric complexes with PITX2A and PITX2C. Our research
provides a molecular basis for differential gene regulation through the
expression of PITX2 isoforms. PITX2 isoform activities are both
promoter- and cell-specific, and our data reveal new mechanisms for
PITX2-regulated gene expression.
Department of Biological Science, The
University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74104-3189 and the
§ Department of Pediatrics, The University of Iowa, Iowa
City, Iowa 52242
This article has been cited by other articles:
![]() |
M. Amen, H. M. Espinoza, C. Cox, X. Liang, J. Wang, T. M. E. Link, R. G. Brennan, J. F. Martin, and B. A. Amendt Chromatin-associated HMG-17 is a major regulator of homeodomain transcription factor activity modulated by Wnt/{beta}-catenin signaling Nucleic Acids Res., February 2, 2008; 36(2): 462 - 476. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. Guioli and R. Lovell-Badge PITX2 controls asymmetric gonadal development in both sexes of the chick and can rescue the degeneration of the right ovary Development, December 1, 2007; 134(23): 4199 - 4208. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Amen, X. Liu, U. Vadlamudi, G. Elizondo, E. Diamond, J. F. Engelhardt, and B. A. Amendt PITX2 and {beta}-Catenin Interactions Regulate Lef-1 Isoform Expression Mol. Cell. Biol., November 1, 2007; 27(21): 7560 - 7573. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
E. Diamond, M. Amen, Q. Hu, H. M. Espinoza, and B. A. Amendt Functional interactions between Dlx2 and lymphoid enhancer factor regulate Msx2 Nucleic Acids Res., November 6, 2006; 34(20): 5951 - 5965. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. Bidinost, M. Matsumoto, D. Chung, N. Salem, K. Zhang, D. W. Stockton, A. Khoury, A. Megarbane, B. A. Bejjani, and E. I. Traboulsi Heterozygous and Homozygous Mutations in PITX3 in a Large Lebanese Family with Posterior Polar Cataracts and Neurodevelopmental Abnormalities. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., April 1, 2006; 47(4): 1274 - 1280. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
F. B. Berry, M. A. Lines, J. M. Oas, T. Footz, D. A. Underhill, P. J. Gage, and M. A. Walter Functional interactions between FOXC1 and PITX2 underlie the sensitivity to FOXC1 gene dose in Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome and anterior segment dysgenesis Hum. Mol. Genet., March 15, 2006; 15(6): 905 - 919. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. L. Evans and P. J. Gage Expression of the homeobox gene Pitx2 in neural crest is required for optic stalk and ocular anterior segment development Hum. Mol. Genet., November 15, 2005; 14(22): 3347 - 3359. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. Bassham and J. H. Postlethwait The evolutionary history of placodes: a molecular genetic investigation of the larvacean urochordate Oikopleura dioica Development, October 1, 2005; 132(19): 4259 - 4272. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
U. Vadlamudi, H. M. Espinoza, M. Ganga, D. M. Martin, X. Liu, J. F. Engelhardt, and B. A. Amendt PITX2, {beta}-catenin and LEF-1 interact to synergistically regulate the LEF-1 promoter J. Cell Sci., March 15, 2005; 118(6): 1129 - 1137. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. Toro, I. Saadi, A. Kuburas, M. Nemer, and A. F. Russo Cell-specific Activation of the Atrial Natriuretic Factor Promoter by PITX2 and MEF2A J. Biol. Chem., December 10, 2004; 279(50): 52087 - 52094. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. W. Schubert, E. Kardash, M. A. Khan, T. Cheusova, K. Kilian, M. Wegner, and S. Hashemolhosseini Interaction, Cooperative Promoter Modulation, and Renal Colocalization of GCMa and Pitx2 J. Biol. Chem., November 26, 2004; 279(48): 50358 - 50365. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. A. Lines, K. Kozlowski, S. C. Kulak, R. R. Allingham, E. Heon, R. Ritch, A. V. Levin, M. B. Shields, K. F. Damji, A. Newlin, et al. Characterization and Prevalence of PITX2 Microdeletions and Mutations in Axenfeld-Rieger Malformations Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., March 1, 2004; 45(3): 828 - 833. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
W. Liu, J. Selever, M.-F. Lu, and J. F. Martin Genetic dissection of Pitx2 in craniofacial development uncovers new functions in branchial arch morphogenesis, late aspects of tooth morphogenesis and cell migration Development, December 22, 2003; 130(25): 6375 - 6385. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
Y. Wang, H. Zhao, X. Zhang, and H. Feng Novel Identification of a Four-base-pair Deletion Mutation in PITX2 in a Rieger Syndrome Family J. Dent. Res., December 1, 2003; 82(12): 1008 - 1012. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
D. Schausi, C. Tiffoche, and M.-L. Thieulant Regulation of the Intronic Promoter of Rat Estrogen Receptor {alpha} Gene, Responsible for Truncated Estrogen Receptor Product-1 Expression Endocrinology, July 1, 2003; 144(7): 2845 - 2855. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Ganga, H. M. Espinoza, C. J. Cox, L. Morton, T. A. Hjalt, Y. Lee, and B. A. Amendt PITX2 Isoform-specific Regulation of Atrial Natriuretic Factor Expression: SYNERGISM AND REPRESSION WITH Nkx2.5 J. Biol. Chem., June 13, 2003; 278(25): 22437 - 22445. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D Kamnasaran, W J Muir, M A Ferguson-Smith, and D W Cox Disruption of the neuronal PAS3 gene in a family affected with schizophrenia J. Med. Genet., May 1, 2003; 40(5): 325 - 332. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
P. A. Shaw, X. Zhang, A. F. Russo, B. A. Amendt, S. Henderson, and V. Williams Homeobox Protein, Hmx3, in Postnatally Developing Rat Submandibular Glands J. Histochem. Cytochem., March 1, 2003; 51(3): 385 - 396. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. I. Suszko, D. J. Lo, H. Suh, S. A. Camper, and T. K. Woodruff Regulation of the Rat Follicle-Stimulating Hormone {beta}-Subunit Promoter by Activin Mol. Endocrinol., March 1, 2003; 17(3): 318 - 332. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. Liu, W. Liu, J. Palie, M. F. Lu, N. A. Brown, and J. F. Martin Pitx2c patterns anterior myocardium and aortic arch vessels and is required for local cell movement into atrioventricular cushions Development, January 11, 2002; 129(21): 5081 - 5091. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
| All ASBMB Journals | Molecular and Cellular Proteomics |
| Journal of Lipid Research | ASBMB Today |