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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 277, Issue 29, 26177-26184, July 19, 2002
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From the We had previously isolated the
temperature-sensitive erg26-1 mutant and characterized the
sterol defects in erg26-1 cells (Baudry, K., Swain, E.,
Rahier, A., Germann, M., Batta, A., Rondet, S., Mandala, S., Henry, K.,
Tint, G. S., Edlind, T., Kurtz, M., and Nickels, J. T., Jr.
(2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276, 12702-12711). We have now
determined the defects in sphingolipid metabolism in
erg26-1 cells, examined their effects on cell growth, and
initiated studies designed to elucidate how might changes in sterol
levels coordinately regulate sphingolipid metabolism in
Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Using [3H]inositol
radiolabeling studies, we found that the biosynthetic rate and
steady-state levels of specific hydroxylated forms of inositolphosphorylceramides were decreased in erg26-1 cells
when compared with wild type cells.
[3H]Dihydrosphingosine radiolabeling studies demonstrated
that erg26-1 cells had decreased levels of the
phytosphingosine-derived ceramides that are the direct precursors of
the specific hydroxylated inositol phosphorylceramides found to be
lower in these cells. Gene dosage experiments using the sphingolipid
long chain sphingoid base (LCB) hydroxylase gene, SUR2,
suggest that erg26-1 cells may accumulate LCB, thus placing
one point of sterol regulation of sphingolipid synthesis possibly at
the level of ceramide metabolism. The results from additional genetic
studies using the sphingolipid hydroxylase and copper transporter
genes, SCS7 and CCC2, respectively, suggest a
second possible point of sterol regulation at the level of complex sphingolipid hydroxylation. In addition, [3H]inositol
radiolabeling of sterol biosynthesis inhibitor-treated wild type cells
and late sterol pathway mutants showed that additional blocks in sterol
biosynthesis have profound effects on sphingolipid metabolism,
particularly sphingolipid hydroxylation state. Finally, our genetic
studies in erg26-1 cells using the LCB phosphate
phosphatase gene, LBP1, suggest that increasing the levels
of the LCB sphingoid base phosphate can remediate the
temperature-sensitive phenotype of erg26-1 cells.
Sterol-dependent Regulation of Sphingolipid
Metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae*
,
,
, and
¶
Department of Biochemistry, MCP
Hahnemann University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102 and the
§ Department of Biology, Hope College,
Holland, Michigan 49423
*
This work was supported by National Institutes of Health
Grant HL67401-01A1 (to J. T. N.), a Basil O'Connor Starter
Scholarship Award (to J. T. N.), and an Atorvastatin Research
Award (to V. M.) sponsored by Pfizer Inc.The costs of publication of this
article were defrayed in part by the
payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked
"advertisement" in
accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section
1734 solely to indicate this fact.
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