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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 277, Issue 31, 27659-27667, August 2, 2002
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Results in Synergistic Activation of the Human
Lactase-Phlorizin Hydrolase Promoter*
§¶
,
,
,
,
,
§¶, and
§¶§§¶¶
From the GATA-4, -5, and -6 zinc finger and
hepatocyte nuclear factor-1
Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition,
Department of Medicine, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
02115, the § Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical
School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, the ¶ Department
of Pediatrics, New England Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, the §§ Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of
Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts
02155, the ** Division of Gastroenterology,
Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania 19104, the
Department of Medicine, Free
University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands 1081HV,
and the 
Department of Medicine, University of
Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands 1100DD
(HNF-1
) homeodomain transcription
factors are expressed in the intestinal epithelium and synergistically
activate the promoter of intestinal genes. Here, we demonstrate that
GATA-5 and HNF-1
physically associate both in vivo and
in vitro and that this interaction is necessary for
cooperative activation of the lactase-phlorizin hydrolase
promoter. Furthermore, physical association is mediated by the
C-terminal zinc finger of GATA factors and the homeodomain of HNF-1
.
Deletion of HNF-1
activation domains or interruption of
HNF-1-binding sites in the lactase-phlorizin hydrolase promoter resulted in a complete loss of cooperativity, whereas deletion of
GATA-5 activation domains or interruption of GATA-binding sites resulted in a reduction, but not an elimination, of cooperativity. We
hypothesize that GATA/HNF-1
cooperativity is mediated by HNF-1
through its activation domains, which are oriented for high levels of
activation through binding to DNA and physical association with GATA
factors. These data suggest a paradigm whereby intestine-specific gene
expression is regulated by unique interactions among tissue-restricted transcription factors coexpressed in the intestine. Parallel mechanisms in other tissues as well as in Drosophila suggest that zinc
finger/homeodomain interactions are an efficient pathway of cooperative
activation of gene transcription that has been conserved throughout evolution.
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