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Originally published In Press as doi:10.1074/jbc.M203236200 on May 21, 2002
J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 277, Issue 31, 27818-27828, August 2, 2002
S-Nitrosohemoglobin Is Unstable in the Reductive
Erythrocyte Environment and Lacks O2/NO-linked Allosteric
Function*
Mark T.
Gladwin §¶,
Xunde
Wang §,
Christopher D.
Reiter §,
Benjamin K.
Yang ,
Esther X.
Vivas §,
Celia
Bonaventura , and
Alan N.
Schechter§
From the Critical Care Medicine Department, Warren G. Magnuson Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda,
Maryland 20892, the § Laboratory of Chemical Biology,
NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, and the Marine/Freshwater Biomedical Center, Duke University,
Beaufort, North Carolina 28516
Our previous results run counter to the
hypothesis that S-nitrosohemoglobin (SNO-Hb) serves as an
in vivo reservoir for NO from which NO release is
allosterically linked to oxygen release. We show here that SNO-Hb
undergoes reductive decomposition in erythrocytes, whereas it is stable
in purified solutions and in erythrocyte lysates treated with an
oxidant such as ferricyanide. Using an extensively validated
methodology that eliminates background nitrite and stabilizes
erythrocyte S-nitrosothiols, we find the levels of SNO-Hb
in the basal human circulation, including red cell membrane fractions,
were 46 ± 17 nM in human arterial erythrocytes and
69 ± 11 nM in venous erythrocytes, incompatible with
the postulated reservoir function of SNO-Hb. Moreover, we performed
experiments on human red blood cells in which we elevated the levels of
SNO-Hb to 10,000 times the normal in vivo levels. The
elevated levels of intra-erythrocytic SNO-Hb fell rapidly, independent
of oxygen tension and hemoglobin saturation. Most of the NO released
during this process was oxidized to nitrate. A fraction (25%) was
exported as S-nitrosothiol, but this fraction was not
increased at low oxygen tensions that favor the deoxy (T-state)
conformation of Hb. Results of these studies show that, within the
redox-active erythrocyte environment, the -globin cysteine 93 is
maintained in a reduced state, necessary for normal oxygen
affinity, and incapable of oxygen-linked NO storage and delivery.
*
The costs of publication of this
article were defrayed in part by the
payment of page charges. The article
must therefore be hereby marked
"advertisement" in
accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section
1734 solely to indicate this fact.
¶
To whom all correspondence and reprint requests
should be addressed: Warren G. Magnuson Clinical Center, Critical Care
Medicine Dept., Bldg. 10, Rm. 7D43, 10 Center Dr., MSC 1662, Bethesda, MD 20892-1662. Tel.: 301-496-9320; Fax: 301-402-1213; E-mail: mgladwin@nih.gov.
Copyright © 2002 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

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Copyright © 2002 by the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.
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