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Originally published In Press as doi:10.1074/jbc.M203236200 on May 21, 2002

J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 277, Issue 31, 27818-27828, August 2, 2002
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S-Nitrosohemoglobin Is Unstable in the Reductive Erythrocyte Environment and Lacks O2/NO-linked Allosteric Function*

Mark T. GladwinDagger §, Xunde WangDagger §, Christopher D. ReiterDagger §, Benjamin K. YangDagger , Esther X. VivasDagger §, Celia Bonaventura||, and Alan N. Schechter§

From the Dagger  Critical Care Medicine Department, Warren G. Magnuson Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, the § Laboratory of Chemical Biology, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, and the || Marine/Freshwater Biomedical Center, Duke University, Beaufort, North Carolina 28516

Our previous results run counter to the hypothesis that S-nitrosohemoglobin (SNO-Hb) serves as an in vivo reservoir for NO from which NO release is allosterically linked to oxygen release. We show here that SNO-Hb undergoes reductive decomposition in erythrocytes, whereas it is stable in purified solutions and in erythrocyte lysates treated with an oxidant such as ferricyanide. Using an extensively validated methodology that eliminates background nitrite and stabilizes erythrocyte S-nitrosothiols, we find the levels of SNO-Hb in the basal human circulation, including red cell membrane fractions, were 46 ± 17 nM in human arterial erythrocytes and 69 ± 11 nM in venous erythrocytes, incompatible with the postulated reservoir function of SNO-Hb. Moreover, we performed experiments on human red blood cells in which we elevated the levels of SNO-Hb to 10,000 times the normal in vivo levels. The elevated levels of intra-erythrocytic SNO-Hb fell rapidly, independent of oxygen tension and hemoglobin saturation. Most of the NO released during this process was oxidized to nitrate. A fraction (25%) was exported as S-nitrosothiol, but this fraction was not increased at low oxygen tensions that favor the deoxy (T-state) conformation of Hb. Results of these studies show that, within the redox-active erythrocyte environment, the beta -globin cysteine 93 is maintained in a reduced state, necessary for normal oxygen affinity, and incapable of oxygen-linked NO storage and delivery.


* The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

To whom all correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed: Warren G. Magnuson Clinical Center, Critical Care Medicine Dept., Bldg. 10, Rm. 7D43, 10 Center Dr., MSC 1662, Bethesda, MD 20892-1662. Tel.: 301-496-9320; Fax: 301-402-1213; E-mail: mgladwin@nih.gov.


Copyright © 2002 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
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