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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 277, Issue 33, 30137-30143, August 16, 2002

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Hydropathic Complementarity Determines Interaction of Epitope ⁸⁶⁹HITDTNNK⁸⁷⁶ in Manduca sexta Bt-R₁ Receptor with Loop 2 of Domain II of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A Toxins^*

Isabel Gomez^§, Juan Miranda-Rios, Enrique Rudiño-Piñera^¶, Daniela I. Oltean, Sarjeet S. Gill, Alejandra Bravo, and Mario Soberón^**

From the  Departamento de Microbiología Molecular and ^¶ Departamento de Reconocimiento Molecular y Bioestructura, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62250, México and the  Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, California 92521

In susceptible insects, Cry toxin specificity correlates with receptor recognition. In previous work, we characterized an scFv antibody (scFv73) that inhibits binding of Cry1A toxins to cadherin-like receptor. The CDR3 region of scFv73 shared homology with an 8-amino acid epitope (⁸⁶⁹HITDTNNK⁸⁷⁶) of the Manduca sexta cadherin-like receptor Bt-R₁ (Gomez, I., Oltean, D. I., Gill, S. S., Bravo, A., and Soberón, M. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276, 28906-28912). In this work, we show that the previous sequence of scFv73 CDR3 region was obtained from the noncoding DNA strand. However, most importantly, both scFv73 CDR3 amino acid sequences of the coding and noncoding DNA strands have similar binding capabilities to Cry1Ab toxin as Bt-R₁ ⁸⁶⁹HITDTNNK⁸⁷⁶ epitope, as demonstrated by the competition of scFv73 with binding to Cry1Ab with synthetic peptides with amino acid sequences corresponding to these regions. Using synthetic peptides corresponding to three exposed loop regions of domain II of Cry1Aa and Cry1Ab toxins, we found that loop 2 synthetic peptide competed with binding of scFv73 to Cry1A toxins in Western blot experiments. Also, loop 2 mutations that affect toxicity of Cry1Ab toxin are affected in scFv73 binding. Toxin overlay assays of Cry1A toxins to M. sexta brush border membrane proteins showed that loop 2 synthetic peptides competed with binding of Cry1A toxins to cadherin-like Bt-R₁ receptor. These experiments identified loop 2 in domain II of as the cognate binding partner of Bt-R₁ ⁸⁶⁹HITDTNNK⁸⁷⁶. Finally, 10 amino acids from -6-loop 2 region of Cry1Ab toxin (³⁶³SSTLYRRPFNI³⁷³) showed hydropathic pattern complementarity to a 10-amino acid region of Bt-R₁ (⁸⁶⁵NITIHITDTNN⁸⁷⁵), suggesting that binding of Cry1A toxins to Bt-R₁ is determined by hydropathic complementarity and that the binding epitope of Bt-R₁ may be larger than the one identified by amino acid sequence similarity to scFv73.

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