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Originally published In Press as doi:10.1074/jbc.M204668200 on May 29, 2002

J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 277, Issue 33, 30236-30243, August 16, 2002
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Structural Characterization of the Closed Conformation of Mouse Guanylate Kinase*

Nikolina SekulicDagger , Ludmila ShuvalovaDagger , Oliver Spangenberg§, Manfred Konrad§, and Arnon LavieDagger

From the Dagger  University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chicago, Illinois 60612 and the § Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Department of Molecular Genetics, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany

Guanylate kinase (GMPK) is a nucleoside monophosphate kinase that catalyzes the reversible phosphoryl transfer from ATP to GMP to yield ADP and GDP. In addition to phosphorylating GMP, antiviral prodrugs such as acyclovir, ganciclovir, and carbovir and anticancer prodrugs such as the thiopurines are dependent on GMPK for their activation. Hence, structural information on mammalian GMPK could play a role in the design of improved antiviral and antineoplastic agents. Here we present the structure of the mouse enzyme in an abortive complex with the nucleotides ADP and GMP, refined at 2.1 Å resolution with a final crystallographic R factor of 0.19 (Rfree = 0.23). Guanylate kinase is a member of the nucleoside monophosphate (NMP) kinase family, a family of enzymes that despite having a low primary structure identity share a similar fold, which consists of three structurally distinct regions termed the CORE, LID, and NMP-binding regions. Previous studies on the yeast enzyme have shown that these parts move as rigid bodies upon substrate binding. It has been proposed that consecutive binding of substrates leads to "closing" of the active site bringing the NMP-binding and LID regions closer to each other and to the CORE region. Our structure, which is the first of any guanylate kinase with both substrates bound, supports this hypothesis. It also reveals the binding site of ATP and implicates arginines 44, 137, and 148 (in addition to the invariant P-loop lysine) as candidates for catalyzing the chemical step of the phosphoryl transfer.

* This work is supported by National Institutes of Health Grant AI46943-01 (to N. S. and A. L.) and by funds from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (to O. S. and M. K.).The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

The atomic coordinates and the structure factors (code 1LVG) have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank, Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ (http://www.rcsb.org/).

To whom correspondence should be addressed: Univ. of Illinois at Chicago, Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1819 West Polk St., Chicago, IL 60612. Tel.: 312-355-5029; Fax: 312-355-4535; E-mail: LAVIE@UIC.EDU.

Copyright © 2002 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
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