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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 277, Issue 34, 30738-30745, August 23, 2002
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§,
,
,

From the The active form of vitamin
D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) induces an
increase in the intracellular free calcium
([Ca2+]i) and caspase-independent
cell death in human breast cancer cells. Here we show that the
treatment of MCF-7 breast cancer cells with
1,25(OH)2D3 or its chemotherapeutic analog, EB
1089, releases Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum. The
increase in [Ca2+]i was
associated with the activation of a calcium-dependent cysteine protease, µ-calpain. Interestingly, ectopic expression of a
calcium-binding protein, calbindin-D28k, in MCF-7 cells not only attenuated the elevation in
[Ca2+]i and calpain activation,
but also reduced death triggered by vitamin D compounds. Similarly, the
inhibition of calpain activity by structurally unrelated chemical
inhibitors increased the survival of the cells and reduces the amount
of annexin V-positive cells. Despite the complete absence of effector
caspase activation, transmission electron microscopy of MCF-7 cells
treated with 1,25(OH)2D3 or EB 1089 revealed
apoptosis-like morphology characterized by the condensed cytoplasm,
nuclei, and chromatin. Overall, these results suggest that calpain may
take over the role of the major execution protease in apoptosis-like
death induced by vitamin D compounds. Thus, these compounds may prove
useful in the treatment of tumors resistant to therapeutic agents
dependent on the classical caspase cascade.
Apoptosis Laboratory, Danish Cancer Society,
DK 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark, the ¶ Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota
57006, the
Institute of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Health
Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK 1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark, and
the ** Department of Biochemistry, University of California,
Riverside, California 92521

To whom correspondence should be addressed: Apoptosis
Laboratory, Danish Cancer Society, Strandboulevarden 49, DK 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark. Tel.: 45-35-257 318; Fax:
45-35-257-721; E-mail: mhj@biobase.dk.
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