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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 277, Issue 35, 31781-31788, August 30, 2002
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From the Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are widely used for
treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Peroxisome
proliferator-activated receptor
Thiazolidinedione Activation of Peroxisome Proliferator-activated
Receptor
Can Enhance Mitochondrial Potential and Promote Cell
Survival*
§,
,
Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute,
Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania 19104-6160, the § Department of Pathology and
Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-4283, and the ¶ Division of
Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine,
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
(PPAR
) is the molecular target
of TZDs and is believed to mediate the apoptotic effects of this class
of drugs in a variety of cell types, including B and T lymphocytes. The
finding that TZDs induce lymphocyte death has raised
concerns regarding whether TZDs might further impair immune functions
in diabetics. To address this issue, we investigated the roles of
PPAR
and TZDs in lymphocyte survival. PPAR
was up-regulated upon
T cell activation. As previously reported, PPAR
agonists induced T
cell death in a dose-dependent manner. However, the
concentrations of TZD needed to cause T cell death were above those
needed to induce PPAR
-dependent transcription. Surprisingly, at concentrations that induce optimal transcriptional activation, TZD activation of PPAR
protected cells from apoptosis following growth factor withdrawal. The survival-enhancing effects depended on both the presence and activation of PPAR
. Measurements of mitochondrial potential revealed that PPAR
activation enhanced the ability of cells to maintain their mitochondrial potential. These
data indicate that activation of PPAR
with TZDs can promote cell
survival and suggest that PPAR
activation may potentially augment
the immune responses of diabetic patients.
*
This work was supported by the Abramson Family Cancer
Research Institute and an NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, K08 award (to Y. L. W.).The costs of publication of this
article were defrayed in part by the
payment of page charges. The article
must therefore be hereby marked
"advertisement" in
accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section
1734 solely to indicate this fact.
To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dept. of Cancer
Biology, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA
19104-6160. Tel.: 215-746-5514; Fax: 215-746-5511; E-mail: craig@mail.med.upenn.edu.
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