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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 277, Issue 38, 34679-34691, September 20, 2002
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From the Vascular cell adhesion molecule
(VCAM)-1 has been implicated in interactions between leukocytes and
connective tissue, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
synovial tissue fibroblasts. Such interactions within the synovium
contribute to RA inflammation. Using phosphoinositide 3-kinase
(PI3-kinase) inhibitor LY294002 and Src inhibitor PP2, we show that
interleukin (IL)-18-induced ERK1/2 activation is Src
kinase-dependent. Antisense (AS) c-Src oligonucleotide
(ODN) treatment reduced IL-18-induced ERK1/2 expression by 32%
compared with control, suggesting an upstream role of Src in
ERK1/2 activation. AS c-Src ODN treatment also inhibited Akt expression
by 74% compared with sense control. PI3-kinase inhibitor LY294002 or
AS PI3-kinase ODN inhibited Akt expression. AS c-Src ODN inhibited Akt
phosphorylation, confirming Src is upstream of PI3-kinase in
IL-18-induced RA synovial fibroblast signaling. IL-18 induced a
time-dependent activation of c-Src, Ras, and Raf-1,
suggesting this signaling cascade plays a role in ERK activation. IL-18
directly activated Src kinase by more than 4-fold over basal levels by
enzymatic assay. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed that
activator protein-1 (AP-1) is activated by IL-18 through ERK and Src
but not through PI3-kinase. In an alternate pathway, inhibition of IL-1
receptor-associated kinase-1 (IRAK) with AS ODN to IRAK reduced
IL-18-induced expression of nuclear factor
Signal Transduction Pathways Involved in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Synovial Fibroblast Interleukin-18-induced Vascular Cell Adhesion
Molecule-1 Expression*
§,
§,
,
,
, and
¶
Department of Medicine, Northwestern
University Medical School and ¶ Veterans Administration,
Chicago Health Care System, Lakeside Division,
Chicago, Illinois 60611
B (NF
B). Finally,
IL-18-induced cell surface VCAM-1 expression was inhibited by treatment
with AS ODNs to c-Src, IRAK, PI3-kinase, and ERK1/2 by 57, 43, 41, and
32% compared with control sense ODN treatment, respectively. These
data support a role for IL-18 activation of three distinct pathways
during RA synovial fibroblast stimulation: two
Src-dependent pathways and the IRAK/NF
B pathway.
Targeting VCAM-1 signaling mechanisms may represent therapeutic
approaches to inflammatory and angiogenic diseases characterized by
adhesion molecule up-regulation.
*
This work was supported by the Gallagher Professorship for
Arthritis Research, funds from the Veterans Affairs Research Service, National Institutes of Health Grants AI-40987 (to A. E. K.), HL-58695 (to A. E. K.), and AI-49287-02 (to C. C. P.), and a grant from the
French nonprofit organization Groupe d'Etudes et de Recherches Immuno-rhumatologiques (GERIR).The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the
payment of page charges. The article
must therefore be hereby marked
"advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section
1734 solely to indicate this fact.
To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dept. of Medicine,
Division of Rheumatology, Northwestern University Medical School, 303 E. Chicago Ave., Ward 3-315, Chicago, IL 60611. Tel.: 312-503-1963; Fax: 312-503-0994; E-mail: ae-koch@northwestern.edu.
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