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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 277, Issue 38, 34826-34835, September 20, 2002
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From the Proteomics and Mammalian Cell Biology Section, Department
of Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium
Hospital, Montebello, 0310 Oslo, Norway
To identify phosphoproteins that might play a
role in naringin-sensitive hepatocellular cytoskeletal disruption and
apoptosis induced by algal toxins, hepatocyte extracts were separated
by gel electrophoresis and immunostained with a
phosphothreonine-directed antibody. Use of dilute (5%) polyacrylamide
gels containing 6 M urea allowed the resolution of
one very large (~500-kDa) okadaic acid- and naringin-sensitive
phosphoprotein, identified by tryptic fingerprinting,
matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass
spectrometry, and immunostaining as the cytolinker protein, plectin. The naringin-sensitive phosphorylation induced by okadaic acid
and microcystin-LR probably reflected inhibition of a type 2A protein
phosphatase, whereas the naringin-resistant phosphorylation induced by
calyculin A, tautomycin, and cantharidin probably involved a type 1 phosphatase. Okadaic acid caused a collapse of the
plectin-immunostaining bile canalicular sheaths and the general
cytoskeletal plectin network into numerous medium-sized plectin
aggregates. Inhibitors of protein kinase C, cAMP-dependent
protein kinase, or Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent
kinase II had moderate or no protective effects on plectin network
disruption, whereas naringin offered 86% protection. Okadaic acid
induced a naringin-sensitive phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein
kinase (AMPK), the stress-activated protein kinases SEK1 and JNK, and
S6 kinase. The AMPK-activating kinase (AMPKK) is likely to be the
target of inhibition by naringin, the other kinases serving as
downstream components of an AMPKK-initiated signaling pathway.
To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dept. of Cell Biology,
Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, N-0310
Oslo, Norway. Tel.: 47-22935947; Fax: 47-22934580; E-mail: per.seglen@labmed.uio.no.
§
These two authors contributed equally to the present work.
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