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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 277, Issue 39, 35920-35931, September 27, 2002

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Involvement of an Upstream Stimulatory Factor as Well as cAMP-responsive Element-binding Protein in the Activation of Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor Gene Promoter I^*

Akiko Tabuchi^§, Hidemichi Sakaya, Tomochika Kisukeda, Hiroshi Fushiki, and Masaaki Tsuda^§¶

From the  Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 930-0194 and ^§ Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Shibuya 3-13-11, Tokyo 150-0002, Japan

The use of different brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene promoters results in the differential production of 5'-alternative transcripts, suggesting versatile functions of BDNF in neurons. Among four BDNF promoters I, II, III, and IV (BDNF-PI, -PII, -PIII, and -PIV), BDNF-PI was markedly activated, as well as BDNF-PIII, by Ca²⁺ signals evoked via neuronal activity. However, little is known about the mechanisms for the transcriptional activation of BDNF-PI. Using rat cortical neurons in culture, we assigned the promoter sequences responsible for the Ca²⁺ signal-mediated activation of BDNF-PI and found that the Ca²⁺-responsive elements were located in two separate (distal and proximal) regions and that the DNA sequences in the proximal region containing cAMP-responsive element (CRE), which is overlapped by the upstream stimulatory factor (USF)-binding element, were largely responsible for the activation of BDNF-PI. CRE-binding protein (CREB) family transcription factors and USF1/USF2 bind to this overlapping site, depending upon their preferred sequences which also control the magnitude of the activation. Overexpression of dominant negative CREB or USF reduced the BDNF-PI activation. These findings support that not only CREB but also USF1/USF2 contributes to Ca²⁺ signal-mediated activation of BDNF-PI through the recognition of an overlapping CRE and USF-binding element.

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