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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 277, Issue 4, 2830-2834, January 25, 2002

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Crystal Structure of Quinohemoprotein Amine Dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas putida
IDENTIFICATION OF A NOVEL QUINONE COFACTOR ENCAGED BY MULTIPLE THIOETHER CROSS-BRIDGES^*

Atsuko Satoh, Jong-Keun Kim^§, Ikuko Miyahara, Bart Devreese^¶, Isabel Vandenberghe^¶, Ayse Hacisalihoglu, Toshihide Okajima^§, Shun'ichi Kuroda^§, Osao Adachi^**, Johannis A. Duine, Jozef Van Beeumen^¶, Katsuyuki Tanizawa^§, and Ken Hirotsu^§§

From the  Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan, ^§ Department of Structural Molecular Biology, Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan, ^¶ Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry and Protein Engineering, University of Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium,  Department of Microbiology and Enzymology, Delft University of Technology, 2628 BC Delft, The Netherlands, and ^** Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan

The crystal structure of a quinohemoprotein amine dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas putida has been determined at 1.9-Å resolution. The enzyme comprises three non-identical subunits: a four-domain -subunit that harbors a di-heme cytochrome c, a seven-bladed -propeller -subunit that provides part of the active site, and a small -subunit that contains a novel cross-linked, proteinous quinone cofactor, cysteine tryptophylquinone. More surprisingly, the catalytic -subunit contains three additional chemical cross-links that encage the cysteine tryptophylquinone cofactor, involving a cysteine side chain bridged to either an Asp or Glu residue all in a hitherto unknown thioether bonding with a methylene carbon atom of acidic amino acid side chains. Thus, the structure of the 79-residue -subunit is quite unusual, containing four internal cross-links in such a short polypeptide chain that would otherwise be difficult to fold into a globular structure.

The atomic coordinates and the structure factors (code 1JMX and 1JMZ) have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank, Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ (http://www.rcsb.org/).

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