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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 277, Issue 40, 37105-37115, October 4, 2002

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Interaction between Fast and Ultra-slow Inactivation in the Voltage-gated Sodium Channel
DOES THE INACTIVATION GATE STABILIZE THE CHANNEL STRUCTURE?^*

Karlheinz Hilber^§, Walter Sandtner^§, Oliver Kudlacek, Blanca Schreiner, Ian Glaaser^¶, Wolfgang Schütz, Harry A. Fozzard^¶, Samuel C. Dudley, and Hannes Todt^**

From the  Institute of Pharmacology, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria, the ^¶ Cardiac Electrophysiology Laboratories, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, and the  Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30033 and the Atlanta Veterans Affairs Hospital, Decatur, Georgia 30033

Recently, we reported that mutation A1529D in the domain (D) IV P-loop of the rat skeletal muscle Na⁺ channel µ₁ (DIV-A1529D) enhanced entry to an inactivated state from which the channels recovered with an abnormally slow time constant on the order of ~100 s. Transition to this "ultra-slow" inactivated state (USI) was substantially reduced by binding to the outer pore of a mutant µ-conotoxin GIIIA. This indicated that USI reflected a structural rearrangement of the outer channel vestibule and that binding to the pore of a peptide could stabilize the pore structure (Hilber, K., Sandtner, W., Kudlacek, O., Glaaser, I. W., Weisz, E., Kyle, J. W., French, R. J., Fozzard, H. A., Dudley, S. C., and Todt, H. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276, 27831-27839). Here, we tested the hypothesis that occlusion of the inner vestibule of the Na⁺ channel by the fast inactivation gate inhibits ultra-slow inactivation. Stabilization of the fast inactivated state (FI) by coexpression of the rat brain ₁ subunit in Xenopus oocytes significantly prolonged the time course of entry to the USI. A reduction in USI was also observed when the FI was stabilized in the absence of the ₁ subunit, suggesting a causal relation between the occurrence of the FI and inhibition of USI. This finding was further confirmed in experiments where the FI was destabilized by introducing the mutations I1303Q/F1304Q/M1305Q. In DIV-A1529D + I1303Q/F1304Q/M1305Q channels, occurrence of USI was enhanced at strongly depolarized potentials and could not be prevented by coexpression of the ₁ subunit. These results strongly suggest that FI inhibits USI in DIV-A1529D channels. Binding to the inner pore of the fast inactivation gate may stabilize the channel structure and thereby prevent USI. Some of the data have been published previously in abstract form (Hilber, K., Sandtner, W., Kudlacek, O., Singer, E., and Todt, H. (2002) Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 27, program number 46.12).

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