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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 277, Issue 40, 37567-37572, October 4, 2002
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From the Mycobacteria protect themselves with an outer
lipid bilayer, which is the thickest biological membrane hitherto known
and has an exceptionally low permeability rendering mycobacteria
intrinsically resistant against many antibiotics. Pore proteins mediate
the diffusion of hydrophilic nutrients across this membrane. Electron microscopy revealed that the outer membrane of Mycobacterium
smegmatis contained about 1000 protein pores per
µm2, which are about 50-fold fewer pores per
µm2 than in Gram-negative bacteria. The projection
structure of the major porin MspA of M. smegmatis was
determined at 17 Å resolution. MspA forms a cone-like tetrameric
complex of 10 nm in length with a single central pore. Thus, MspA is
drastically different from the trimeric porins of Gram-negative
bacteria and represents a new class of channel proteins. The formation
of MspA micelles indicated that the ends of MspA have different
hydrophobicities. Oriented insertion of MspA into membranes was
demonstrated in lipid bilayer experiments, which revealed a strongly
asymmetrical voltage gating of MspA channels at -30 mV. The length of
MspA is sufficient to span the outer membrane and contributes in
combination with the tapering end of the pore and the low number of
pores to the low permeability of the cell wall of M. smegmatis for hydrophilic compounds.
A Tetrameric Porin Limits the Cell Wall Permeability of
Mycobacterium smegmatis*
, Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie,
Abteilung Molekulare Strukturbiologie, Am Klopferspitz 18a, D-82152
Martinsried, Germany and § Lehrstuhl für
Mikrobiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstrasse 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
*
This work was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
(NI 412) and the Volkswagen-Stiftung (I/77 729).The costs of publication of this
article were defrayed in part by the
payment of page charges. The article
must therefore be hereby marked
"advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section
1734 solely to indicate this fact.
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