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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 277, Issue 40, 37741-37746, October 4, 2002
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From the Research and Education Center for Genetic Information,
Nara Institute of Science and Technology,
Nara 630-0101, Japan
When maize seedlings were exposed to cold stress, a
genome-wide demethylation occurred in root tissues. Screening of
genomic DNA identified one particular fragment that was demethylated
during chilling. This 1.8-kb fragment, designated ZmMI1,
contained part of the coding region of a putative protein and part of a
retrotransposon-like sequence. ZmMI1 was transcribed only
under cold stress. Direct methylation mapping revealed that
hypomethylated regions spanning 150 bases alternated with
hypermethylated regions spanning 50 bases. Analysis of nuclear DNA
digested with micrococcal nuclease indicated that these regions
corresponded to nucleosome cores and linkers, respectively. Cold stress
induced severe demethylation in core regions but left linker regions
relatively intact. Thus, methylation and demethylation were periodic in
nucleosomes. The following biological significance is conceivable.
First, because DNA methylation in nucleosomes induces alteration of
gene expression by changing chromatin structures, vast demethylation
may serve as a common switch for many genes that are simultaneously
controlled upon environmental cues. Second, because artificial
demethylation induces heritable changes in plant phenotype (Sano,
H., Kamada, I., Youssefian, S., Katsumi, M., and Wabilko, H. (1990)
Mol. Gen. Genet. 220, 441-447), altered DNA methylation
may result in epigenetic inheritance, in which gene expression is
modified without changing the nucleotide sequence.
The nucleotide sequence(s) reported in this paper has been submitted to the GenBankTM/EBI Data Bank with accession number(s) AF453523 and AF453522 for ZmMI1 and AF468668
through AF468672 for corresponding cDNAs.
Periodic DNA Methylation in Maize Nucleosomes and Demethylation
by Environmental Stress*
,
*
This work was supported by grants for the Core Research for
Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST) from the Japan Science and
Technology Corporation (JST), and Grant JSPS-RFTF 00L01604 for the
Research for the Future Program from the Japan Society for the
Promotion of Science.The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the
payment of page charges. The article
must therefore be hereby marked
"advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section
1734 solely to indicate this fact.
Recipient of Research Fellowships 00177 from CREST and JSPS.
§
To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.: 81-743-72-5650;
Fax: 81-743-72-5659; E-mail: sano@gtc.aist-nara.ac.jp.
Copyright © 2002 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
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