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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 277, Issue 41, 38635-38646, October 11, 2002
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,
From the Programme of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of
Biotechnology and the Department of Biosciences, University of
Helsinki, Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland
Receptor for advanced glycation end
products (RAGE) mediates neurite outgrowth and cell migration upon
stimulation with its ligand, amphoterin. We show here that
RAGE-dependent changes in cell morphology are associated
with proliferation arrest and changes in gene expression in
neuroblastoma cells. Chromogranin B, a component of secretory vesicles
in endocrine cells and neurons, was found to be up-regulated by RAGE
signaling during differentiation of neuroblastoma cells along with the
two other members of the chromogranin family, chromogranin A and
secretogranin II. Ligation of RAGE by amphoterin lead to rapid
phosphorylation and nuclear localization of cyclic AMP response
element-binding protein (CREB), a major regulator of chromogranin
expression. Furthermore, inhibition of
ERK1/2-Rsk2-dependent CREB phosphorylation efficiently
inhibited up-regulation of chromogranin gene expression upon RAGE
activation. To further study the effects of RAGE and amphoterin on
cellular differentiation, we stimulated embryonic stem cells
expressing RAGE or a signaling-deficient mutant of RAGE with
amphoterin. Amphoterin was found to promote RAGE-dependent
neuronal differentiation of embryonic stem cells characterized by
up-regulation of neuronal markers light neurofilament protein and
-III-tubulin, activation of CREB, and increased expression of
chromogranins A and B. These data suggest that RAGE signaling is
capable of driving neuronal differentiation involving CREB activation
and induction of chromogranin expression.
To whom correspondence should be addressed: P. O. Box 56 (Viikinkaari 5), University of Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland. Tel.: 358-9-19159060; Fax: 358-9-19159068; E-mail:
Henri.Huttunen@helsinki.fi.
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