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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 277, Issue 41, 38731-38736, October 11, 2002
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From the Center for Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular
Medicine, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine,
Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
Myoblasts respond to growth factor deprivation
either by differentiating into multinucleated myotubes or by undergoing
apoptosis; hence, the acquisition of apoptosis resistance by
myogenic precursors is essential for their development. Here we
demonstrate that the expression of the small heat shock protein
The Small Heat Shock Protein
B-crystallin Negatively
Regulates Apoptosis during Myogenic Differentiation by Inhibiting
Caspase-3 Activation*
B-crystallin is selectively induced in C2C12 myoblasts that are
resistant to differentiation-induced apoptosis, and we show that this
induction occurs at an early stage in their differentiation in
vitro. In contrast, the expression of several known
anti-apoptotic proteins (FLIP, XIAP, Bcl-xL) was not
altered during myogenesis. We also demonstrate that ectopic expression
of
B-crystallin, but not the closely related small heat shock
protein Hsp27, renders C2C12 myoblasts resistant to differentiation-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, we show that the myopathy-causing R120G
B-crystallin mutant is partly impaired in its
cytoprotective function, whereas a pseudophosphorylation
B-crystallin mutant that mimics stress-induced phosphorylation is
completely devoid of anti-apoptotic activity. Finally, we demonstrate that
B-crystallin negatively regulates apoptosis during myogenesis by inhibiting the proteolytic activation of caspase-3, whereas the
R120G and pseudophosphorylation mutants are defective in this function.
Taken together, our findings indicate that
B-crystallin is a novel
negative regulator of myogenic apoptosis that directly links the
differentiation program to apoptosis resistance.
*
This work was supported in part by a grant from the Muscular
Dystrophy Association (to V. L. C.), by National Institutes of Health
Grants NS31957 (to V. L. C.) and 5T32-CA70085 (to M. C. K.), by
institutional research grants to Northwestern University from the
Howard Hughes Medical Institute (to V. L. C.), and by the Elizabeth
Boughton Trust (to V. L. C.).The costs of publication of this
article were defrayed in part by the
payment of page charges. The article
must therefore be hereby marked
"advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section
1734 solely to indicate this fact.
To whom correspondence should be addressed: Division of
Endocrinology, Tarry 15-755, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 East Chicago Ave., Chicago, IL 60611. Tel.:
312-503-0644; Fax: 312-908-9032; E-mail:
v-cryns@northwestern.edu.
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