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Originally published In Press as doi:10.1074/jbc.M205358200 on July 31, 2002

J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 277, Issue 41, 38803-38809, October 11, 2002
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Biological Potential of a Functional Human SNAIL Retrogene*

Annamaria LocascioDagger , Sonia Vega§, Cristina A. de Frutos, Miguel Manzanares||, and M. Angela Nieto||

From the Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Av. Doctor Arce 37, 28002 Madrid, Spain

Snail genes encode zinc finger transcription factors required for the development of vertebrate and invertebrate embryos. They trigger epithelial to mesenchymal transitions (EMTs), thereby allowing epithelial cells to emigrate from their place of origin and form tissues such as the mesoderm and the neural crest. Snail genes are also involved in the EMTs responsible for the acquisition of invasiveness during tumor progression. This aspect of their activity is associated with their ability to directly repress E-cadherin transcription. Here we describe the existence of an active human Snail retrogene, inserted within an intron of a novel evolutionarily conserved gene and expressed in different human tissues and cell lines. Functional analyses in cell culture show that this retrogene maintains the potential to induce EMTs, conferring migratory and invasive properties to epithelial cells. In light of this data, we have renamed it SNAIL-like, a new player that must be considered in both physiological and pathological studies of SNAIL function in humans.

* This work was supported by grants FIS-01/985, Dirección General de Enseñanza Superior e Investigación Científica (DGESIC) Grant PM98-0125, and CAM 08.1/0044/2000 (to M. A. N.).The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

Dagger Supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from the Spanish Secretary of Education and Universities and the European Social Fund.

§ Supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from the Spanish Ministry of Health.

Present address: Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, CSIC-UAM, Arturo Duperier, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain.

|| To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.: 34-91-5854723; Fax: 34-91-5854754; E-mail: anieto@cajal.csic.es (to M. A. N.) or Tel.: 34-91-5854736; E-mail: mmanzanares@iib.uam.es (to M. M.).

Copyright © 2002 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
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