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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 277, Issue 42, 39280-39288, October 18, 2002
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From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin,
Madison, Wisconsin 53706
Rad51 protein forms nucleoprotein filaments on
single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and then pairs that DNA with the
complementary strand of incoming duplex DNA. In apparent contrast with
published results, we demonstrate that Rad51 protein promotes an
extensive pairing of long homologous DNAs in the absence of replication protein A. This pairing exists only within the Rad51 filament; it was
previously undetected because it is lost upon deproteinization. We
further demonstrate that RPA has a critical postsynaptic role in DNA
strand exchange, stabilizing the DNA pairing initiated by Rad51
protein. Stabilization of the Rad51-generated DNA pairing intermediates
can be can occur either by binding the displaced strand with RPA or by
degrading the same DNA strand using exonuclease VII. The optimal
conditions for Rad51-mediated DNA strand exchange used here minimize
the secondary structure in single-stranded DNA, minimizing the
established presynaptic role of RPA in facilitating Rad51 filament
formation. We verify that RPA has little effect on Rad51 filament
formation under these conditions, assigning the dramatic stimulation of
strand exchange nevertheless afforded by RPA to its postsynaptic
function of removing the displaced DNA strand from Rad51 filaments.
To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dept. of Biochemistry,
University of Wisconsin, 433 Babcock Dr., Madison, WI 53706-1544. Tel.:
608-262-1181; Fax: 608-265-2603; E-mail:
cox@biochem.wisc.edu.
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