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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 277, Issue 46, 44507-44512, November 15, 2002
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From the We found that caveolin-2 is targeted to the
surface of lipid droplets (Fujimoto, T., Kogo, H., Ishiguro, K.,
Tauchi, K., and Nomura, R. (2001) J. Cell
Biol. 152, 1079-1085) and hypothesized that the lipid droplet
surface is a kind of membrane. To elucidate the characteristics of the
lipid droplet surface, we isolated lipid droplets from HepG2 cells and
analyzed them by cryoelectron microscopy and by mass spectrometry. By
use of cryoelectron microscopy at the stage temperature of 4.2 K, the lipid droplet surface was observed as a single line without any
fixation or staining, indicating the presence of a single layer of
phospholipids. This result appeared consistent with the hypothesis that
the lipid droplet surface is derived from the cytoplasmic leaflet of
the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and may be continuous to it.
However, mass spectrometry revealed that the fatty acid composition of
phosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylcholine in lipid droplets is
different from that of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. The ample
presence of free cholesterol in lipid droplets also suggests that their
surface is differentiated from the bulk endoplasmic reticulum membrane. On the other hand, although caveolin-2
The Surface of Lipid Droplets Is a Phospholipid Monolayer with a
Unique Fatty Acid Composition*
,,¶
Department of Anatomy and Molecular Cell
Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan and the § Department
of Molecular Biology, Nagoya City University, Graduate School of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho,
Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
and adipose
differentiation-related protein, both localizing in lipid droplets,
were enriched in the low density floating fraction, the fatty acid
composition of the fraction was distinct from lipid droplets.
Collectively, the result indicates that the lipid droplet surface is a
hemi-membrane or a phospholipid monolayer containing cholesterol but is
compositionally different from the endoplasmic reticulum membrane or
the sphingolipid/cholesterol-rich microdomain.
*
This work was supported by grants-in-aid from the Japanese
Government and a research grant from the Novartis Science Foundation (to T. F.).The costs of publication of this
article were defrayed in part by the
payment of page charges. The article
must therefore be hereby marked
"advertisement" in
accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section
1734 solely to indicate this fact.
Copyright © 2002 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
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B. D. Wyse, I. A. Prior, H. Qian, I. C. Morrow, S. Nixon, C. Muncke, T. V. Kurzchalia, W. G. Thomas, R. G. Parton, and J. F. Hancock Caveolin Interacts with the Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor during Exocytic Transport but Not at the Plasma Membrane J. Biol. Chem., June 20, 2003; 278(26): 23738 - 23746. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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