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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 277, Issue 47, 45547-45557, November 22, 2002
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-Smad Signaling
Pathway Cooperates with NF-
B to Mediate Nontypeable
Haemophilus influenzae-induced MUC2 Mucin
Transcription*
,
§,
,
,
,

From the Transforming growth factor-
Gonda Department of Cell and Molecular
Biology, House Ear Institute, and Department of Otolaryngology,
University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90057, the
§ Department of Molecular Medicine, Kumamoto University,
Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan, the ¶ Gastrointestinal Research
Laboratory, Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Department of Medicine,
University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, the
Department of Molecular Virology, Tokyo Medical and Dental
University, Tokyo 113-8519 Japan, and the ** Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery and Department of Molecular and Cellular
Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
(TGF-
) and
related factors are multifunctional cytokines that regulate diverse
cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation,
apoptosis, and immune response. The involvement of TGF-
receptor-mediated signaling in bacteria-induced up-regulation of mucin,
a primary innate defensive response for mammalian airways, however,
still remains unknown. Here, we report that the bacterium nontypeable
Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi), an important human
respiratory pathogen, utilizes the TGF-
-Smad signaling
pathway together with the TLR2-MyD88-TAK1-NIK-IKK
/
-I
B
pathway to mediate NF-
B-dependent
MUC2 mucin transcription. The NTHi-induced TGF-
receptor
Type II phosphorylation occurred at as early as 5 min. Pretreatment
of NTHi with TGF-
neutralization antibody reduced up-regulation of
MUC2 transcription. Moreover, functional cooperation of
NF-
B p65/p50 with Smad3/4 appears to positively mediate
NF-
B-dependent MUC2 transcription. These
data are the first to demonstrate the involvement of TGF-
receptor-mediated signaling in bacteria-induced up-regulation of mucin
transcription, bring insights into the novel role of TGF-
signaling
in bacterial pathogenesis, and may lead to new therapeutic intervention
of NTHi infections.

To whom correspondence should be addressed: the Gonda Dept. of
Cell and Molecular Biology, House Ear Inst., University of Southern
California, 2100 W. 3rd St., Los Angeles, CA 90057. Tel.: 213-273-8083;
Fax: 213-273-8088; E-mail: jdli@hei.org.
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