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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 277, Issue 47, 45611-45618, November 22, 2002
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From the The expression of human papillomavirus (HPV) E6
oncoprotein is causally linked to high-risk HPV-associated human
cancers. We have recently isolated hADA3, the human homologue of yeast transcriptional co-activator yADA3, as a novel E6 target. Human ADA3
binds to the high-risk (cancer-associated) but not the low-risk HPV E6
proteins and to immortalization-competent but not to
immortalization-defective HPV16 E6 mutants, suggesting a role for the
perturbation of hADA3 function in E6-mediated oncogenesis. We
demonstrate here that hADA3 directly binds to the retinoic X receptor
(RXR)
Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology,
Department of Radiation Oncology, New England Medical Center and the
Department of Biochemistry, Tufts University School of Medicine,
Boston, Massachusetts 02111 and the ¶ Division of Rheumatology,
Immunology, and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's
Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
in vitro and in vivo. Using chromatin
immunoprecipitation, we show that hADA3 is part of activator complexes
bound to the native RXR response elements within the promoter of the
cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor gene p21. We show that
hADA3 enhances the RXR
-mediated sequence-specific transactivation of
retinoid target genes, cellular retinoic acid-binding protein II and
p21. Significantly, we demonstrate that E6 inhibits the RXR
-mediated
transactivation of target genes, implying that perturbation of
RXR-mediated transactivation by E6 could contribute to HPV oncogenesis.
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