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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 277, Issue 48, 45977-45983, November 29, 2002

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Binding and Activation by the Zinc Cluster Transcription Factors of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
REDEFINING THE UAS_GABA AND ITS INTERACTION WITH Uga3p^*

Anu M. Idicula, Gregory L. Blatch, Terrance G. Cooper^§, and Rosemary A. Dorrington^¶

From the Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rhodes University, P. O. Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa and ^§ Department of Molecular Sciences, University Of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee 38163

Uga3p, a member of zinc binuclear cluster transcription factor family, is required for -aminobutyric acid-dependent transcription of the UGA genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Members of this family bind to CGG triplets with the spacer region between the triplets being an important specificity determinant. A conserved 19-nucleotide activation element in certain UGA gene promoter regions contains a CCGN₄CGG-everted repeat proposed to be the binding site of Uga3p, UAS_GABA. The function of conserved nucleotides flanking the everted repeat has not been rigorously investigated. The interaction of Uga3p with UAS_GABA was characterized in terms of binding in vitro and transcriptional activation of lacZ reporter genes in vivo. Electromobility shift assays using mutant UAS_GABA sequences and heterologously produced full-length Uga3p demonstrated that UAS_GABA consists of two independent Uga3p binding sites. Simultaneous occupation of both Uga3p binding sites of UAS_GABA with high affinity is essential for GABA-dependent transcriptional activation in vivo. We present evidence that the two Uga3p molecules bound to UAS_GABA probably interact with each other and show that Uga3p_(1-124), previously used for binding studies, is not functionally equivalent to the full-length protein with respect to binding in vitro. We propose that the Uga3p binding site is an asymmetric site of 5'-SGCGGNWTTT-3' (S = G or C, W = A, or T and n = no nucleotide or G). However, UAS_GABA, is a palindrome containing two asymmetric Uga3p binding sites.

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